Melanoma APA Paper Final Draft - Nicholas Thompson (2)

.docx

School

University of Cincinnati, Main Campus *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

003

Subject

Anatomy

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

11

Uploaded by ChiefSquirrel3561 on coursehero.com

1 API Scientific Method Project Nicholas Thompson Polaris Career Center Anatomy & Physiology I 502 Dr. Kristine Kraft December 4, 2022
2 Introduction Paragraph My research is about melanoma. It was discovered around 1804 and named in 1838, (Smith 2). Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. Melanoma is the creation of malignant melanocytes due to exposure to UV light. Some people are at high risk because of the makeup of the skin. These articles go into detail on the fear of melanoma and recurrent melanoma. Also, the barriers to protecting themselves from getting melanoma. Hypothesis My hypothesis is that if patients use prevention techniques, then they can reduce the risk and fear of melanoma. The hypothesis for the first article is that if a patient has a diagnosis of melanoma, then they will have a fear of new or recurrent melanoma. The hypothesis for article two is if the barriers to melanoma preventative care are removed then the risk of developing melanoma will be decreased. Data Gathering In article one, data was gathered by researchers. They collected answers from a FCRI, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory and phone interview with participants who had previously been treated for melanoma or had recurrent melanoma. The FCRI is made up of multiple subscales that assign a score that is related to the persons’ fear as it relates to melanoma. The subscales are triggers, severity, psychological distress, functional impairment, insight, reassurance, and coping strategies.
3 In article two, data was gathered by researchers for the study. They did this by collecting the questionnaires used in the focus groups. Researchers used transcription reports from the interview parts of the data in addition to the questionnaires. The total number of individuals participating were 39 biological parents of 37 children. Students were eligible for participation if they had at least one first degree relative with a history of melanoma. This was verified through medical records. The child also had to be between the ages of 8- and 17-year-old. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Research Methods In article one, the study was completed by sending 400 potential participants study materials in the postal mail. They were asked to participate in a paper-based questionnaire and a phone interview. They were both run together to ask about their experiences of follow up. Anyone who did not communicate back with the questionnaire was contacted up to three more times. The individuals in the study reached out to had all been treated with localized melanoma during 2014. Some participants were with new or recurrent melanoma that had been treated at the Melanoma Institute Australia. In article two, research was completed in a qualitative method that used focused groups and questionnaires. Parents completed a self-reported questionnaire. Demographic information was also included on the survey. In addition to the survey, parents were also presented with two hypothetical scenarios to encourage open discussion about potential challenges. Researchers used descriptive statistics to summarize survey data. The focus groups were transcribed and NVivo 11 was used to code and compare the data. The transcripts were coded in two phases. The first one was structural codes to identify barriers and facilitators of melanoma preventative
4 behaviors. The second one identified the types of barriers to and facilitators of sun protective behaviors that participants reported. Variable The independent variable for article one is the melanoma patients had. When the patients had melanoma the FCR went up. The dependent variable for article one is fear of recurrence. After the FCRI the people with higher fear were the people with a worse stage or risk of cancer. Yes, the hypothesis for article one is testable because the FCRI can test the amount of clinical fear a patient has due to the stage or severity of melanoma. They tested the fear of a 500 person test group and they found valid results. The independent variable for article two is the prognosis for the recommendation of treatment for melanoma. When they recommended it to children, they followed the instructions. The dependent variable for article two is the fear that comes from the prognosis and treatments. Yes, the article shows a testable hypothesis and ideas because of the results found. The study found results of how the prognosis affected the treatment strategies. My independent variable is the use of prevention techniques for melanoma. Any orders from doctors and the different techniques used to prevent obtaining melanoma. The dependent variable in my hypothesis is the risk and fear of melanoma. This is the factor of the results from the experiments. The outcome of the prevention techniques that result from the independent variable. Data Analysis In article one, researchers found that 215 people completed the FCRI questionnaire. The sampling of people who participated were similar in characteristics. There were more participants with stage II melanoma and new or recurrent melanoma compared to the overall group. A larger group showed fear of cancer recurrence. The overall research showed there was a large fear of cancer coming back regardless of the individuals’ prognosis. Table 1 below also
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help