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Example of a Protein Purification Scheme: Purification of the Enzyme Xanthine Dehydrogenase from a Fungus Volume Total Total Specific Percent Fraction (mL) Protein (mg) Activity Activity Recovery 1. Crude extract 2. Salt precipitate 3. Ion-exchange chromatography |4. Molecular-sieve chromatography 5. Immunoaffinity chromatography 3,800 22,800 2,460 0.108 100 165 2,800 1,190 0.425 48 65 100 720 7.2 29 40 14.5 23 1.8 275 152.108 11 Calculate the specific activity of step#4. Note that percent recovery=% Yield.

Вackground In order to determine whether a newly synthesized chemical might be a useful food preservative, the chemical was tested for its ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Control. 500 ml of cottage cheese was inoculated with 2 ml of a 24-hr culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubated at 25°C. Five hours after inoculation, a standard plate count showed there were 200 bacterial cells/ml in the cottage cheese. After 11 hours, 1600 cells/ml. After 21 hours, 50,000 cells/ml. After 27 hours, 400,000 cells/ml. Experiment. 500 ml of cottage cheese containing the preservative was inoculated with 2 ml of a 24-hr culture of P. aeruginosa. After 6 hours of incubation at 25°C, a standard plate count was performed. There were 700 bacterial cells/ml in the cottage cheese. After 14 hours, 11,000 cells/ml. After 20 hours, 90,000 cells/ml. After 28 hours, 1, 400, 000 cells/ml. Use the data and the semi-log graph paper to plot growth curves for the control and the experiment. Remember to label…

REMOVAL OF WATER FROM MICROBIAL CELLS USING FREEZE  DRYING METHOD. Before starting the freeze-drying process, the weight of the test tube, Wi which is 15.33g and test tube with microbial cell pellets, Ww which is 34.94g were weighed using an electronic balance. Plus, final weight of the beaker with test tube and cells is 70.35g. Then, the average amount of water removal and average cell yield were calculated by using the formulas given which were 9.81g and 0.5001. As a conclusion, there was 9.81g of water had been removed by using the technique freeze-drying for 24 hours by using a freeze dryer.    Question:  1.From this statement, please explain what process actually has happened during this freeze-drying method. 2.Make a clear conclusion that can made from this experiment.(explain briefly)

Separation of Amino Acids by Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Questions 1. Describe in detail Thin layer chromatographic experiment. Example: the theory behind it, how youwould prepare the materials to spot on the plate with different mobile amino acids and unknown andhow TLC Plate is developed and the reasoning behind which solvent/ solvent mixture should be used,along how to correctly identify of the unknown. 2. Calculate the Rf value if a solute travelled 5 cm from the base spot and the solvent front is 10 cmfrom the origin? 3. In a TLC experiment using a 70:30 mixture of Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, a student noted thedevelopment of spots in the origin, what can you suggest about this observation?

Time point (min) Absorbance of culture at 660nm Approximate cell concentration Approximate # cells in 1mL extract 0 0.298 1.49 x 108 cells/mL 1.49 x 108 cells 10 0.316 1.58 x 108 cells/mL 1.58 x 108 cells 20 0.374 1.87 x 108 cells/mL 1.87 x 108 cells 30 0.429 2.145 x 108 cells/mL 2.145 x 108 cells 40 0.512 2.56 x 108 cells/mL 2.56 x 108 cells 50 0.544 2.72 x 108 cells/mL 2.72 x 108 cells 60 0.607 3.035 x 108 cells/mL 3.035 x 108 cells a. Using these data, prepare a growth curve of this strain ofEscherichia coli (E. coli).b. Estimate the doubling time for this strain of E. Coli. Clearly showhow you estimated this value from the empirical data presented.

Provide details about the reation workup. How is this product purified , and what methods were used to prove they had the right material ?   N-ETHYLALLENIMINE[Aziridine, 1-ethyl-2-methylene-] Submitted by Albert T. Bottini and Robert E. Olsen1.Checked by Thomas H. Lowry and E. J. Corey. 1. ProcedureCaution! This preparation should be carried out in a good hood to avoid exposure to ammonia. The operator should wear rubber gloves and protective goggles because 2-haloallylamines and ethylenimines can cause severe skin and eye irritation.A 2-l. three-necked flask is fitted with a sealed mechanical stirrer, a gas-inlet tube, and a dry ice condenser protected from the air by a soda-lime drying tube (Note 1). The system is flushed thoroughly with dry ammonia, and 32.8 g. (0.84 mole) of sodium amide (Note 2) is added to the flask. The system is again flushed with ammonia, the condenser is provided with dry ice covered by acetone, and 1.2 l. of liquid ammonia is condensed in the flask. The…

50 mg/50 ml kinetin stock is available  You need 2.5 mg/l kn for Ms media  calculate amount of kn is required?   Explain the role of surface sterilising chemicals in aseptic culture initiation and function of sucrose in MS medium?

colored. Interpretation: () Lactose Observed that the addition of the Benedict reagent to the specimens, the test tube is placed in a 20-minute water bath, in which the sample's color precipitates as a silver- colored. Interpretation: (+) Sucrose With the addition of the benedict reagent to the samples, the test tube is placed in a 20- minute water bath. The color of the sample becomes translucent. Interpretation: (O Starch With the addition of the benedict reagent to the samples, the test tube is placed in a 20- minute water bath. The color of the sample becomes translucent. Interpretation: () This material should not be duplicated nor distributed without permission. BIOCHEM LABORATORY: CARBOHYDRATES GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. Some of the test(s) you tried from this virtual lab are important basis for determining glucose levels of diabetic patients from blood and/or urine. Can you identify which are these tests and how is modern method used glucose monitoring different? (Show the reactions)

True or False? The 24-h LC50 is typically lower than the 96-h LC50 bioassays.

mead. Post Lab #2 Smear & Stain Preparation Name: Leidiawa MontaNo Date: 1. Why are thick or dense smears less likely to provide a good smear preparation for microscopic evaluation? Please explain. Becapse, it will diminish the amount ds latcan Pass through by mam 1t difficult to See under the micioscol e, s less liket to Prowde a go image. 2. What could potentially happen if you leave the slide exposed for too long to the open flame? Why do you have to be careful? we can form ring Patterns if we expose the slide for ta0 the flame 3. During the preparation of a smear leading into simple staining of the bacterial culture S. epidermidis you forgot to heat fix the slide. What would you see on this slide as compared to a slide that was properly prepared? Please explain. 4. You partner stained bacterial cells and saw only the background and not the actual cell was stained. Your partner thought this was a mistake. Please explain what type of staining method this is, how it works and why the…

What are the advantages of the API 20E test compared to regular biochemical tubemedia

Following electrophoresis of the two pGlo mini-preparation samples (both digested and undigested), the following agarose gel image was obtained. provide an accurate and detailed figure, describing the image and what it depicts.

Active Raw Actual Yield Formulation Dosage Form Packaging Ingredient Materials 2 kgs calcium oxide and Calcium 1.75kgs 16omg per Oral 100mL per carbonate calcium 10mL Suspension bottle 1.75 kg H,O carbonate suspension Please fill the cells in the second column of the table below with correct information. Thank you! IA. RAW MATERIAL SOURCING Source (natural/synthetic) of RAW MATERIALS Method of separation/chemical reaction (with brief process) IB. ACTIVE INGREDIENT INFORMATION Active Ingredient Chemical Name/Other Name Active Ingredient Classification (ex. Analgesic)

SDS-PAGE reagents that play a role in denaturing the protein sample include (Select all that applies)     Bromophenol blue     APS     Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate     Acetic Acid     Glycerol     Heat     Beta-Mercaptoethanol     TEMED

Nitrogen Content Assay Method II l is also known as? Micrometric Method Semimicro Method Macromethod Distillation

Topic:  Isolation of Crude Ovalbumin from Egg White by Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation (Salting Out) The computed amount of powdered ammonium sulfate was added to the egg white sample portion byportion with constant stirring while submerged in an ice bath. The solution is expected to become moreturbid, and a white precipitate is expected to form. The resulting mixture was then filtered using a cheesecloth. The residue was discarded, and 30.0 mL of thefiltrate was brought from 40% to 60% saturation by adding the required amount of powdered ammoniumsulfate in the same manner as the previous addition.  After adding ammonium sulfate, the mixture was allowed to stand with occasional stirring for 30 minutes inan ice bath. The formation of a white precipitate is expected to happen QUESTION: Explain the significance of allowing the mixture to be submerged in an ice bath for a given time.

1. Give the importance of carbohydrate fermentation test in biochemical testing and enumerate the enzymes that are involved.  2. What are the substances added in the culture media utilized by the organism producing hydrogen sulfide? Give 2 other media used for the production of hydrogen sulfide. 3. Explain the mechanism taking place in the hydrolysis of urea which leads to the formation of bluish red color. 4. Discuss why human blood plasma will not always yield reliable results.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REGARDING GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 1.why is it not advisable to move/touch the agarose gel in the process of hardening 2.what is the use or function of the TAE buffer that is poured or found in the gel box 3.how can you tell if agel is running 4.outline the process use in the preparation of agarose gel of 1.5 concentration 5.outline the processes/steps used in gel electrophoresis 6.name twoexamples of the dye used in gel electrophoresis 7.how do we prepare x1(concentration) TAE BUFFER form 50x TAE buffer

SDS-PAGE reagents that play a role in formation of the gel only are(Select all that applies)     Beta-Mercaptoethanol     Bromophenol blue     APS     Heat     Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate     Bis-acrylamide     Acrylamide     TEMED

Give me a clear Detailed Solution..no need handwritten

2Cemical analysis of a patient’s urine using a reagent strip gave negative protein and negative glucose results. However, using a separate microalbumin reagent strip, the result was positive. Earlier in the day, the urine controls gave the expected results with both types of reagent strips. 1. Is there a discrepancy in the patient’s test results obtained with the two strips? 2.Should the urine chemistry controls be rerun? 3.What is the most likely explanation for the results?

1. Give the importance of carbohydrate fermentation test in biochemical testing and enumerate the enzymes that are involved. (5 points) 2. What are the substances added in the culture media utilized by the organism producing hydrogen sulfide? Give 2 other media used for the production of hydrogen sulfide. (5 points) 3. Explain the mechanism taking place in the hydrolysis of urea which leads to the formation of bluish red color. ( 5 points) 4. Discuss why human blood plasma will not always yield reliable results. (5 points)

apa format no plagiarism   Describe the FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug. What are advantages and disadvantages of this process?

Triple Sugar Iron slant for Staphylococcus Epidermidis , tell me the results I would get if I did this test?

please hel me asap thanks What kind of contamination would be represented under the Kmer content section? Explain what other section of the report might pass" with no errors, even though the Kmer content failed. Why?

Discuss about the reagents used for agarose gel electrophoresis (not Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)

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Laemmli polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The essence of the method. The role of SDS in this type of electrophoresis. The role of the concentrating and separating gels, which is the reason for the different pH of these gels.

do methodologies preparation of the following 6 solutions (Broth LB, LB Agar, Potato-Dextrose Agar, LB-Dextrose Broth, Saline solution 0.85%, Glycerol 80%). Include photos or schematics.

Bradford Assay Fill in the average A595 and A595 of sample minus A595 of blank.  What to do? Calculating the average absorbance of the standards Subtracting the absorbance of the blank (the sample with 0 g/ml) from the absorbance of the other samples Concentration  (micrograms/ml) A595 - trial 1 A595 - trial 2 A595 - trial 3 average A595 A595 of sample minus A595 of blank 0 1.501 1.446 1.447     2 1.624 1.558 1.559     5 1.731 1.749 1.712     10 1.901 1.838 1.892     15 2.161 2.108 2.228     18 2.231 2.277 2.319

Briefly discuss 2 fluorogenic methods that can be used in detecting coliforms and E.coli. Include the principle and positive results

C. Spectrophotometric Measurements of the Hill Reaction 1. Place 15 mL of the 0.05-mg chlorophyll/ mL suspension in a test tube. Wrap the tube with aluminum foil and chill in an ice bucket. This is the source of unheated chloroplasts. 2. Place the remaining 10 mL of the 0.05-mg chlorophyll/mL suspension in a test tube and heat until boiling using an alcohol lamp. Heating inactivates the chloroplasts. Stand the heated mixture for 5 min. to allow the debris to settle.

Normal text Calibri BI UA G |EE| +2 I +3+1 CICCO4, 1 LE | ZJ VITICHI SUpstances did not test positive for any of the organic compound Distilled water did not test positive for any of the organic compounds. 5| 6 3) 4) What do all of the indicators you have used have in common? Indicators are all substances whose solutions change color due to changes in p 5) Is there a macromolecule that the tests in this lab did not test for No, there is no macromolecule that the lab did not test for. 6) Which compound is most common in foods that come from plants? Cellocuse is the single most common biochemical compound in living things. 7) If you wanted to reduce the amount of fat in your diet, what foods would you avoid? Steer away from foods high in saturated and trans fats like fried foods, fatty meats, stick margarine, snacks and items with hydrogenated oil. M 6 8) Which foods tested would your body use for a quick burst of energy? a. For energy when no carbohydrates are available? b. For building…

A biochemist discovers and purifies a new enzyme, generating the purification table below. Procedure Total protein (mg)Activity (units) 1. Crude extract 20,000 4,000,000 2. Precipitation (salt) 5,000 3,000,000 3. Precipitation (pH) 4,000 1,000,000 4. lon-exchange chromatography 200 800,000 5. Affinity chromatography 50 750,000 6. Size-exclusion chromatography 45 675,000 (a) From the information given in the table, caleulate the specific activity of the enzyme after each purification procedure. (b) Which of the purification procedures used for this enzyme is most effective? (c) Which of the purification procedures is least effective? (d) Is there any indication based on the results shown in the table that the enzyme after step 6 is now pure? (e) What else could be done to estimate the purity of the enzyme preparation?

Advantages and disadvantages of the following dosage forms:○ Suspension○ Parenteral Solutions○ Creams○ Pastes○ Sprays