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Subject - Data communication networks How can you write the following IPv4 address 192.168.10.2 in IPv6 format? A network on the Internet has a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0. What is the maximum number of hosts it can handle?  Explain two problems of SMTP.  Thank you in advance!

Name two types of network edges? What is the main task of the network router? What is a protocol? Name two network core tasks? List the types of delays in the network with its mathematical formulation. How does packet loss happen in the network? Define the following terms, network sniffing, IP spoofing what is the difference between DoS vs. DDoS attacks? List two benefits of network layering list OSI and TCP layers What is the difference between frame and packet? What is the difference between broadcast and multicast?

Q2.Part A: Suppose COMPUTER-A send a message “I will work hard in Finals” on internet to COMPUTER-B. How that communication takes place according to OSI 7 layers model? Write very short description of each of 7 layers DIAGRAM for your answers on both computers.   Part B: Mentioned differences and similarities between term “TCP/IP” and “OSI Model” in your own words?

Why do HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and POP3 run on top TCP rather than on UDP?    2.    What is the difference between Routing and Forwarding?  3.   What is HOL blocking? Does it occur in input ports or output ports?

Q1: Simple, compare between each of the following? TCP and UDP protocols Network and transport layers RDT 2.1 and RDT 2.2 Pipelined protocols and Stop and wait protocols   Q2. Write the definition of each TCP header filed.   Q3. State and example to clarify the bad performance of RDT 3.0

QUESTION 54 Network layer provides two basic functionalities (_______), and(_______)     QUESTION 55 Network layer consists of two planes:(_________) , and(_______).   QUESTION 56 What is AIMD in TCP stands for?       What is the main purpose of it?          QUESTION 57 Link layer uses IP for source and destination addresses   True False     QUESTION 58 SHA-1 is a Cryptographic hash function True False     QUESTION 59 CRC is a cryptographic hash function True False

1. What is the purpose of an IP address mask? Suppose an IP address isidentified as 200.60.40.88/24. What is the network address in this case?What is the host address? How many hosts can this network addresssupport? Repeat this exercise for the IP address 222.66.44.80/26.2. Explain the concept of a DHCP lease. How is it obtained? How is itused? What does it provide?3. Explain the operation of the Address Resolution Protocol.4. Explain the relationship between corresponding layers at the sourceand destination nodes of a TCP/IP communication connection.

13.9 What is the purpose of an IP address mask? Suppose an IP address is identified as 222.44.66.88/24. What is the network address in this case? What is the host address? How many hosts can this network address support? Repeat this exercise for the IP address 200.40.60.80/26. 13.10 Explain the concept of a DHCP lease. How is it obtained? How is it used? What does it provide? 14.5 In recent years, much of the storage and communication of data has been in digital form, even if the source data is actually analog. Even most television is now transmitted digitally. What benefits and advantages are gained by using digital storage and signaling?

6.Which one of the followings is a network layer device?   Switch Repeater Router Modem     7.Which port number is used for HTTP protocol ?   110 80 21 24 8.In frame format, which field is used to detect bit errors ?   parity checksum TTL type 9.Which protocol/protocols allow sender to send more than one packet at the same time according to the number that is defined by window size?   Pipeline protocols Rdt protocol DHCP protocol Stop-and-wait protocol 10.Which one is not a layer of TCP/IP protocol stack?   Physical layer Session layer Link layer Application layer

2. Explain the concept of a DHCP lease. How is it obtained? How is itused? What does it provide? 3. Explain the operation of the Address Resolution Protocol. 4. Explain the relationship between corresponding layers at the sourceand destination nodes of a TCP/IP communication connection.

Assume that a private internet requires that the messages at the application layer be encrypted and decrypted for security purposes. If we need to add some information about the encryption/decryption process (such as the algorithms used in the process), does it mean that we are adding one layer to the TCP/IP protocol suite? Redraw the TCP/IP layers (Figure 2.4 part b) if you think OS

16.How many layers are there in OSI reference model?   7 5 6 4 17.Which one is true for the following sentence ? " In IP routing path to destination is determined by the ..................................... .   source address source and destination address virtual circuit numbers destination address 18.To divide a network into 6 subnets, how many bits do need to borrow from the bits that are used for the devices in a network?   6 3 8 4   19.Which is a protocol of transport layer   TCP DHCP FTP HDP 20.For the network that includes the device with IP address 194.80.26.110, how many hosts are there in the network?   145 194 255 110

QUESTION 16 Should DHCP be used to set up server ip? True False     QUESTION 17 RSA is a public cryptography  algorithm True False   QUESTION 18 RSA is slower than DES True False     QUESTION 19 DNS is a scalable protocol  True False     QUESTION 20 Network layer is implemented  only in the network core  True False

Networking Assignment 1) Flow control is provided by TCP and UDP. True False 2) Which class of routing algorithms is likely to send more messages over the network? Link State Distance Vector 3)A switch's interface has a transmission rate of 70 Mbps. How long will the switch take to transmit a full Ethernet frame of 1526 bytes? 174 microseconds 200 microseconds 45 microseconds 9 milliseconds   4) What is the primary responsibility of the physical layer? To transmit individual bits across a medium To transmit data between two directly connected network devices To transmit data between two hosts across a network of many interconnected devices To provide end-to-end services such as reliable delivery, flow control, and persistent connection To provide a service to the end user such as delivering a web page or transferring a file   5) Suppose users share a 20 Mbps link.  Also suppose each user transmits continuously at 2 Mbps when transmitting, but each user…

Question 5. Write a note on the following a. Compare the header format of IPv4 and IPv6. How tunneling is used to transition fromIPv4 to IPv6?b. Use Dijkstra’s algorithm on the following network to find shortest paths. c. Data 01110001101010100 is received where receiver uses odd parity. Is the data corrupted.Justify your answerd. What are the three main classes of MAC protocols? Explain each a one or two linese. Give steps of ARP mapping from IP to MAC address.

QUESTION 67 Explain what happen in the following scenario in TCP A sends the first segment to B (successfully delivered) A sends the second segment to B (successfully delivered) B sends the ACK for the first segment (dropped) B sends the ACK for the second segment (successfully delivered)   QUESTION 68 What is the need to  IP address? why not to simply use MAC addresses?

Using both TCP and UDP, which of the following protocols is it?