Lab 3

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School

University of Ontario Institute of Technology *

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Course

2220U

Subject

Material Science

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

pdf

Pages

6

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE MANE2220U Structure and Property of Materials LABORATORY REPORT Course Instructor: Dr. Ghaus Rizvi & Dr. Ramona Fayazfar Lab Instructor: Qi Shi Lab TA: Nabeel Ahmed Syed & Mehrdad Sadeghiye LAB REPORT #: 3 LAB GROUP NUMBER #: 35 LAB GROUP MEMBERS # Surname Name ID Signature 1 Robertson Spencer 100825203 S.R 2 Jost Mattais 100826657 M.J 3 Zupanic Joshua 100822232 J.Z 4 Sharma Naman 100822394 N.S
Lab 3 Phase Diagram Introduction: We will examine phase diagrams of the lead containing solder alloys and determine the solidus and liquidus temperatures experimentally. Comparing this knowledge with the existing theoretical data will demonstrate a successful understanding of their physical properties. Alloys are the result of two or more metals mixed together to produce different chemical and physical properties due to temperature and composition changes. As engineers, we are capable of creating materials and applying them to a specific purpose. Theoretical Background and Application Under certain conditions, an alloy can transform from one phase to another. A phase diagram can graphically demonstrate when these transformations occur as these alloys undergo different temperature and compositions. Majority of phase diagrams only represent the temperature and compositions of alloy phases under atmospheric pressure and at equilibrium. Experimental Apparatus and Procedure The following equipment was used to perform the experiment: ● Carbolite ELF 11/23 furnace ● Lead ‐ free solder alloy with unknown composition ● Tin powder ● Evaporating dish ● NewtexTM ZetexTM heat ‐ resistant mitts ● Safety goggles ● Steel hex nut or a coin ● Steel rod The furnace used to heat the solder alloy was a Carbolite ELF 11/23. The Carbolite ELF 11/23 is capable of reaching and maintaining temperatures of 1100 degrees celsius. This is accomplished by a PID temperature controller which allows the furnace to monitor every step of the heating process, A non contact laser thermometer was then used to measure the temperature of the solder alloy as it solidifies. A ceramic evaporating dish was used to contain the solder as it was heating up and cooling down. Ceramics have particularly high melting points making them excellent metal crucibles. A steel hex nut is tied to the solder alloy on one end and a steel rod is tied to the other. The solder
alloy is then suspended in the ceramic evaporating dish by placing the steel rod over the opening. The first part of the procedure included the construction of a phase diagram for the lead containing Pb-Sn solder alloy. This phase diagram was formed according to the data provided in table 1 in the lab 3 manual. Phase regions and solubility limit boundaries were then identified. The second part of the procedure included the actual experiment. As previously stated one end of the solder was tied to a hex nut while the other was tied to a steel rod. The solder alloy is then suspended by the steel rod which is placed on the lip of the ceramic dish. Proper PPE is then worn (safety goggles and heat resistant gloves) and The ceramic dish with the solder alloy is then placed into the furnace and the temperature Is set for 350 degrees celsius. The temperature of the furnace is constantly monitored until the sound of the hex nut dropping is heard. This indicates the solidus temperature of the solder alloy, and is recorded. The door of the furnace is then opened and the steel rod is used to stir the solder alloy. Once the solder begins to solidify, the door of the furnace is closed and the temperature is recorded. This was the liquidus temperature. Both recorded temperatures are then compared with the test data listed in table 2 of the lab 3 manual. Finally the unknown led-free solder is identified to the correct unknown alloy by comparing values. Results and Discussion: 1. A record of all measurements made on the test specimens (e.g. weight) and material type. Observations made during experiment Temperatures When sound is heard 279.67 C = 535F Liquid solid 236 C = 457F Solid after stirring 173.45 C = 344F
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