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Midterm 1: Chapter 5 MC Psychology of Law U (University of Guelph) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Midterm 1: Chapter 5 MC Psychology of Law U (University of Guelph) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

Chapter 5 Multiple Choice HIGHLIGHTED MC WAS ON MIDTERM 1. The outcome of the murder case against Thomas Sophonow was that: A) Sophonow served the longest sentence of anyone ever wrongfully convicted in Canada. B) Sophonow’s case is still on appeal over the issues of the misidentification of eyewitnesses. C) Sophonow spent four years in prison before his conviction was overturned. D) The Supreme Court ruled that the lineup errors were not enough to overturn the conviction. Ans: C Difficulty: M Page: 113-114 Section: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 1.3 2. Which statement is NOT an error by police noted in the investigation into the murder of Barbara Stoppel? A) The inability to find a murder weapon led to a significant delay before eyewitnesses could identify suspects. B) The picture of the defendant shown to eyewitnesses was significantly different from others. C) The lineup did not include others of similar height to the defendant. D) Media images of the defendant may have unduly influenced eyewitnesses. Ans: A Difficulty: M Page: 113-114 Section: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Applying APA Outcome: 1.3 3. The memory is often described as having the following components: A) encoding, storage, retrieval. B) selection, identification, access. C) processing, viewing, retrieval D) processing, encoding, access. Ans: A Difficulty: E Page: 115 Section: How Memory Works Question Type: Multiple Choice Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 2.2 4. When describing memory, _____ is the first component required in the process necessary for retention. A) storage B) retrieval C) top-down processing D) encoding Ans: D Difficulty: E Page: 115 Section: How Memory Works Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 2.2 5. Asking someone to “Tell me everything you can remember” is an example of _____recall. A) cued B) reconstructive C) recognition D) free Ans: D Difficulty: M Page: 115 Section: How Memory Works Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 2.2 6. The biochemical representation of our experiences in the brain is referred to as: A) peptide images. B) memory trace. C) cerebral coding. D) neuro-projections Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

Ans: B Difficulty: E Page: 115 Section: How Memory Works Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 2.2 7. What is NOT one of the criteria set up in R. v. Clark for evaluating the admissibility of post- hypnotic evidence? A) The hypnotist should not use leading questions or suggestive body language. B) The interview should be recorded C) The hypnotist should be fully versed in the case but carry no notes into the session. D) The interview should only be conducted by an independent, qualified professional. Ans: C Difficulty: M Page: 139 Section: Hypnosis Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Understanding APA Outcome: 1.3 8. Which statement about eyewitness testimony is FALSE? A) In 2012 the Canadian Judicial Council explained that wrongful convictions happen when eyewitnesses are biased or pressured to convict. B) In the United States, mistaken identification played a role in 72 percent of the 307 cases of DNA exoneration. C) Evidence in the form of mistaken eyewitness identification is the number one source of wrongful convictions. D) In a study that looked at 347 cases where eyewitness testimony was the only evidence, about half of the convictions had only one eyewitness. Ans: A Difficulty: M Page: 116 Section: Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: APA Outcome: Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

9. Which cause of wrongful convictions is the LEAST likely of the four discussed by the authors? A) forensic science problems B) eyewitness misidentification C) false confessions D) faulty informant testimony Ans: D Difficulty: E Page: 116 Section: Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Remembering APA Outcome: 1.3 10. Which is NOT one of the criteria for evaluating eyewitness evidence used in Canada’s guidelines? A) the seriousness of the crime being observed B) the circumstances of the procedure used to obtain an identification C) the reliability of the witness D) the description of the observation given Ans: A Difficulty: E Page: 117 Section: Guidelines for Evaluating Eyewitness Testimony Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Understanding APA Outcome: 1.2 11. According to the text, which statement concerning guidelines for evaluating eyewitness testimony is FALSE? A) Judges are cautioned against deviating from model instructions and referring specifically to the case at hand. Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

B) Jury instructions for weighing eyewitness testimony are difficult to apply to actual crimes. C) Under stress, witnesses consistently overestimate the duration of a brief event. D) Eyewitness certainty is not a reliable indicator of accuracy. Ans: A Difficulty: M Page: 117-118 Section: Guidelines for Evaluating Eyewitness Testimony Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Applying APA Outcome: 2.1 12. As the authors point out, witnesses’ certainty may be inflated by two factors: A) concerns about safety and a previous history of case testimony. B) biased questioning and poor lineup procedures. C) previous victimizations and media attention. D) witnesses’ age and confidence in the criminal justice system. Ans: B Difficulty: M Page: 118 Section: Guidelines for Evaluating Eyewitness Testimony Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Applying APA Outcome: 2.1 13. Which statement about juror evaluation of eyewitness testimony is TRUE? A) Jury deliberation is an effective process for uncovering mistakes in eyewitness testimony. B) Jurors seem to be very accurate in identifying weaknesses in eyewitness testimony. C) Jurors do not appear to be swayed by the level of confidence an eyewitness conveys. D) Jurors seem to place undue faith in the reliability of eyewitnesses. Ans: D Difficulty: M Page: 118-119 Section: How the Legal System Attempts to Expose Eyewitness Bias Question Type: Multiple Choice Bloom’s Level: Applying APA Outcome: 1.2 Downloaded by Jun Park (dprbjh@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|9628420

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