Assessing the Validity
“With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas” With respect to religion, trade, and technology this seems to be a valid quote referring to the 16th century and how Europeans were able to accomplish colonization and exploration on the other half of the globe. Spain was successful in colonizing American territory in the 16th century because of the crucial changes made in technology. Advancements in navigation in the 1400s made it possible for European ships to make the long foreign crossing. If it weren’t for the improvements in technology then the ships wouldn’t have been able to travel on quick and light ships. Also, if the compass wasn’t invented, then there wouldn’t have been a way for the travelers to be exact on their location and landings. Trade was also a significant motivation for Europeans to “colonize territories across the seas”. Trade was one of the most effective ways to improve the economy for the Europeans, and a significant way
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This is because they wanted to find more and more people that could convert to their religion. But the Europeans also wanted to find a place with religious tolerance and there wouldn’t have been any better way than to just start off fresh and conquer or even colonize new land. Many religious conflicts were happening in Europe; such as the religious crusade that took place, which caused those who denied Catholic faith to be thrown out and told to find a new land to occupy. In turn, to get out of that ill-treatment Europeans would travel overseas to find a place where religion wasn’t as big of an issue. Since, all these events were taking place the main reason, in respect to religion, for the Europeans to travel to the New World was to either enhance religion or just run away from the problems that it caused back
Europeans were motivated to conquest to gain money, and trade was one of the channels where they found it. However, during
7. With regard to child protection there is examples of adult’s behaviour which may indicate child abuse and neglect.
The arguments I will choose to evaluate for truth and validity will be taken from the Applications list 12.2 (a.-y.) at the end of Ch. 12 in The Art of Thinking. I will start with exercise j and the premise that “power must be evil because it can corrupt people”. First of all, I would check the argument for any hidden premises making sure that it was stated fully and in a clear way. This argument seems to pass the first hurdle, however when it comes checking for errors affecting truth, the argument seems to not hold water. To start with, the part of the argument that says power corrupts all people (the all is inferred) is not true since there are many examples throughout history of people with
During the 15th through 17th centuries, advancements in technology and the desire for new resources spurred the exploration of the New World for both Spain and England. Spain's interest in exploration soon surpassed the rest of the countries in the Old World and the nation began to claim the majority of territory in Central and South America. Spain sent conquistadores to assert their dominance in the New World through violent conquest which resulted in difficult relations with native populations. Although the English did not settle in North America until the early 17th century, well past the period of the Spanish conquest, their methods of colonization were more successful in the long term. The English were able to find economic success
Religion was not a major reason for European exploration because many of the European traders and travelers wanted to get rich by finding gold or some other valuable object, people wanted to travel to another place because of their country’s poverty, disease, or and economic backwardness, and also that the Europeans started traveling more ever since their technology and navigation was more developed.
European nations in the 15th century began exploring new lands with three motives: religion, wealth, and glory. It was made possible by advances in naval fleet building and navigation, first pioneered by the Portuguese. Europeans began to be involved in extensive exploration, coming in contact with Africa, Americas and their prime target Asia. The main targets of the pioneering Portugese and Spanish was to find and alternate trade route for the Indies trade and also promote Christianity to the new lands. As the century unfolded, the search for newer territories to colonize and shortern routes to the exotic land of spices and silk became the initial driving force for the intensive early exploration by the Europeans .
Prior to the arrival of the English colonial settlers, there was an extensive Spanish influence in the New World. Soon after England’s first colonization efforts, several changes took place that strengthened their ability to colonize America in the early 1600s: the Protestant Reformation, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the changes in the English economy. In the early 1500s, England and Spain had a strong connection based on their dedication to the Roman Catholic Church and the marriage between Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon.
In the 15th and 16th century, the motives behind the European explorations was that as chapter 1 "Three Old Worlds Create a New" explains that the "European countries craved the easy access to the African and Asian goods like silks, dyes, perfumes, jewels, golds, and especially spices for cooking and possibly medicine for the sick. " There was the possible concern for the spreading of the religion of Christianity in the world, which supplemented economic motives. In the 15th century, the Europeans were establishing a trade with Africa, Asia, and the Natives. While doing this the Europeans were trying to convert the "heathens" to Christianity, their dominant religion.
Most European ideas were derived from a Christian context during the fifteenth century. The ideas were further developed from their roots and used to justify their actions. During the fifteenth century, Europe was struggling economically thought agriculture, industry, and trading (Massa, 2006. 19). Expanding nations would allow access to new environments where agriculture could grow and prosper. Establishing new ports would open up new trading routes between new nations and even more goods. Doing this would also politically represent and establish power among nations. Their growing populations could expand to new parts of the world via colonisation. All of these situations would generate a better economy for European nations and create political dominance in the world. However, when nations colonised territories, they did not take into account the Indigenous people preoccupying these lands. These tribes were prospering and ____ on their own, as they had done for centuries (do I need a source here cause I kinda just went off lol). When Europeans inhabited their lands, they justified their superiority over Indigenous people based off of their religion. Their cultural attitudes became their religious attitudes where Europeans felt like they had an obligation to educate the ‘heathens’ and save them
Baldry and Farrington (2004) employed an experimental pretest, posttest design to test their intervention. While the use of an experimental design helps protect the internal validity of an experiment, there are still a number of threats evident in this study (Bachman & Schutt, 2017). Baldry and Farrington chose schools according to convenience and accessibility, and randomly assigned students to control and experimental groups by classroom. The authors also showed that statistically, the control and experimental groups were comparable in their responses regarding bullying and victimization (Baldry and Farrington, 2004). Similarly, there were not many significant differences between groups in terms of the prevalence of specific
During the mid 14th century and the beginning of the 15th century I concluded that Europeans were motivated more by Secular factors such as economics and politics. Europeans led themselves to gain control and power over its people, wealth, and new technology. With their mindset focus on money and achieving power, this motivated Europeans to understand their world more and take the necessary risks. All this concludes Europeans were more motivated by secular factors than reglious beliefs.
In research paradigm, validity and reliability are the most basic characteristic issues used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Validity as a psychometric standard is embedded in a positivist approach, which is relevant in reflecting on the qualitative point of view ascribed to the establishment of the truth. In view of this, definition of positivism ascribe to a theory systematic to validity. Additionally, other empirical conceptions culminating from resided validity include truth, deduction, universal laws, evidence, reason, and actuality among others.
Reliability, the extent to which an operational definition gives consistent results, and validity, is the degree to which the described measures actually measures what it claims to measure. These two concepts reliability and validity rest almost exclusively on two weak theories; behavioral consistency and homology assumption. Behavioral consistency suggests that the same offender will do the same thing across a span of time during different offenses. The homology assumption supposes that generally, there will be a similarity between different offenders who commit similar crimes. Without either of these theories, comparing the current offenders to past offenders is essentially futile.
After considering each of the validity scales, it is difficult to determine if the profile is valid. There are two possible interpretations of the validity scales. One possibility is that the client is not experiencing distress, and is experiencing an unusual degree of satisfaction and enjoyment with his life and relationships with others. The hypothesis that the client is mentally healthy is challenged by the VRIN, K, and S scores, which suggest that the client has engaged in self-favorable reporting. The other possibility is that the client is, in fact, experiencing distress and has engaged in self-favorable reporting. If the client is faking-good, then he has done so in such a manner that successfully hides the cause of
Colonialism has been viewed and interpreted from multiple perspectives. Both the coloniser and the colonised are said to have benefitted therefrom. While on the one hand it is considered abject exploitation by the coloniser to fill his coffers, on the other, the routine by-products of colonisation were of absolute benefit to the colonised. The four century long period of colonisation that gripped the world is one of the most oft debated and scrutinized periods of human history. In the period beginning sixteenth century AD, trade and commerce through the sea route became a means of expanding markets in many countries. Great Britain, France, Belgium and Portugal were amongst the pioneers in taking their wares to countries far away, like Africa and Asia. One early form of colonialism that was thrust upon the colonised country was economic exploitation.