Chicken Bone Dissection

Our bone tissues are made of a much harder substance than the cartilage, but they can be worn away by friction. They are tough on the outside, but on the inside they have a sponge-like design that helps to reduce the weight while retaining strength. They are designed to maintain the body’s structure and support the body’s movement and are used to protect weaker tissues, such as the brain, lungs and heart.

The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material.

Bone is a living tissue and made up of cartilage. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva bone appears as normal bone tissue, but it develops in the wrong places. Osteogenesis and ossification are medical terms which refer to the formation of bone. Most bones in the human body grow and heal up after a break through endochondral bone formation, which is how FOP bones grow. Cartilage forms first and then the bone will eventually take the place of cartilage.

Generally, bone can be classified into two categories according to its structure, cortical (compact) and trabecular (cancellous or spongy) bone. Cortical bone is stiff, with 5–10% porosity, and it makes up approximately 80% of skeletal bone, including cuboidal bones, flat bones, and the ends of long bones. Cortical bone is much denser, stiffer, and stronger than trabecular bone. The average strength of a compact human bone was 105 MPa in a longitudinal compression test, and was 131 MPa in a transversal compression test. In the same experiment, the average longitudinal strength in tension was 53 MPa [39]. In contrast, the porosity of trabecular bone is approximately 50–95%, which is higher than that of cortical bones. The surface area of the

Bone tissues or osseous tissue- is a hard connective tissue that consist of living cells dispersed in an organic and mineral matrix, the organic portion of the matrix contain collagen fibers and other organic molecules. The mineral part contain contain tricalcium phosphate crystal call hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate (478)

Mature long bones consist of 3 distinct parts which are epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis. The epiphysis located at the both ends of long bone and composed of thin compact bone shell with a large amount of bony struts (trabecular bone) for supporting the cortical shell. In fact, the bony struts which located below the compact bone also aid as shock absorber. The thicker shell of compact bone which located just below a joint is known as the subchondral bone. It helps to support the hyaline articular cartilage of the joint just above it and have some lacks in organization of cortical bone as it is not true cortical bone. The epiphysis also serves as an attachment region in many bones includings joint capsular, ligaments, and some tendons.

Bones are made up of calcium and collagen, this combination make bones strong and flexible. Collagen is a protein found in animal connective tissues and it supplies a soft framework, while another mineral found in bones called, calcium phosphate, adds strength and hardens the frame work. Bones also have two layers called cortical and trabecular. Cortical is the strong, dense and tough part of the bone, while trabecular is lighter and less dense.

The vertebral body is mainly made of spongy (cancellous) bone tissue, which is made up of trabeculae. The lamellae are arranged in an open latticework (trabeculae) and the spaces between are filled with bone marrow, which all contribute to decrease the forces applied to the bone. Spongy bone is often aligned along stress lines, helping to prevent breakage/fractures as well as to evenly distribute the forces applied to the

From the background provided on trabecular bone biology and tissue properties, the major highlights included: cell populations, mechanosensation, mechanotransduction, tissue composition, and tissue elastic properties. In the cellular matrix of trabecular bone, three main multicellular units, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, exist. Osteoclasts function in bone resorption as part of the bone remodeling process.

Trabecular bone, also known as cancellous bone or spongy bone, mainly serves a metabolic function. This type of bone is located between layers of compact bone and is thin and porous. Located within the trabeculae is the bone

Specialized connective tissue consists of bone, cartilage, blood and adipose tissue. When looking at bone as a tissue we see that it is composed of an extracellular matrix, a variety of cells, and minerals (Dunleavy, 2015). The extracellular matrix is calcified, and most of the fibers are type 1 collagen. Almost all

The Osteoblast is one of the four bone cells found inside the human body. They create bones. An Osteoblast creates the new layer of bone. Bones are complex living objects that can grow and develop. Beneath the bones outer layer is compact bone, which is hard and dense, but not solid. Small canals run through the compact bone. These canals carry tiny blood vessels and nerves from the nerve system. They start from the surface of the bone, to the cells within the bone. Like sponge, the bone has something spongy called spongy bone. Spongy bone has amal spaces and pores beneath it. There is one disease that can affect bone marrow, called Bone Marrow Disease. Hence the name, it affects the bone marrow of bone. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue inside

The microscopical anatomy of compact bone are composed of osteon, canals/canaliculi, and interstitial and circumferential lamellae. The osteon is considered the structural unit of the bone, which is wrapped in bone matrix called lamellae. These cylinder-reminiscent structures act as pillar to bear weight. Canals perforate though the center of osteons and are filled with blood vessels and nerve fibers. Interstitial and circumferential lamellae help fill gaps between osteons and provide support to long bones against twisting. Spongy bone has no particular structure and is scattered. Its function is help cushion bones and stores bone between its trabeculae. These significant features help bone tissue thrive its role of assisting support, but factors like diet, age, and environment can cause the decay and brittleness of the bone which later leads to the condition of

The skeletal system is made up of bones and joints. Bones are a dry dense tissue that is composed of calcium phosphorous and organic matter. The bones are protected and covered by a layer of fibrous connective tissue membrane called the periosteum (Brown, et al., 2015, p. 1547). There are two basic types of bone tissue: Compact Bone and Spongy Bone. Compact bones are dense smooth bones, while Spongy bones are composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and open space. Bones are then categorised according to the shape of the bone into four groups: long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones characteristically are typically longer then they are wide and generally have a shaft with heads at either ends e.g. the humerus. They are mainly compact bones. Short bones

Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an