Chemical Testing Lab Report

The pH scale is 1 to 14, 7 being the best quality. To the right is a pH scale. 7 is what the water should be. 7 is also what we had for the creek average. We had a higher number of rocks neutralizing acid (limestone is the stone found mostly in the creek) than the ones that don’t. this means that the acid rain we get is mostly neutralized by limestone in the stream. We get acid rain from Philadelphia. This is because of the massive steel companies. All of the toxic smoke comes over and comes down in the conodoguinet as acid rain. So the creek is non-acidic and non-alkaline.

We also did acidity test, to see if acid rain affect the creek. We got 7 PPM at the pH paper test, which means the pH level is neutral. When we tested the alkalinity level which is on average 13 PPM. This means when acid rain hits the creek, the alkalinity neutralizes the acid. We, also tested how many rocks neutralize acid. In total, 65 rocks neutralize acid, whereas 29 did not neutralize acid, which is about 70%. I conducted that acid rain does not affect the river, so acid rain is not a problem for the

Dissolved Oxygen, pH levels, Temperature Change, Fecal Coliform, BOD, Nitrate, Phosphates, Turbidity, and Total Solids were each tested in the stream at least one time. If more time and enough supplies were given, then certain tests should be done more than once. Temperature Changes should be tested every other month because it is quick and a change in temperature can affect the health of the organisms living in the stream and therefore the quality of the stream. Temperatures can also drastically change in a short amount of time and there is a large difference in water temperatures in summer and winter. Another test that should be done every other month is dissolved oxygen because it is related to the temperature of the water. Cooler waters have a greater capacity for dissolved oxygen than warmer waters. This test is important because due to human activity and industrial processes, can increase water temperature and therefore decrease the dissolved oxygen levels. Certain organisms living in the stream need a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen to survive. Another test that should be done more often is the

In summary, there are many different factors that contribute to the health of the Susquehanna River. The factors include the pH, temperature, phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen levels. Another factor is the wildlife living in and around the water. A healthy pH level is from five to eight. The tested level was within this range! The temperature was also at a good level because it was cold enough to have the healthy level of dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen level was about nine. The nitrate levels were excellent, but the phosphate levels were just good because they were slightly above where they are supposed to be. Also, by analyzing the types of macroinvertebrates in the river, the level of pollution can be evaluated. The

The water levels were good enough for animals. The temperature were average for when I went out. The PH levels were good enough for the “Mouth Average”. The Con. were high good enough to make energy. The salinity was average good for saltwater. There was DO in the water was the right amount. The DCO2 were low. There were also low N and P and Sulfide. Alkalinity was average. The Turbidity were a bit higher than

Sediments are the main source of water pollution, contributing to turbidity issues as well as irregular or harmful nitrite/nitrate, phosphorus, and pH levels. This contributes to the death of marine organisms and can also change which organisms can survive in the body of water as its conditions change due to runoff. Anthropogenic runoff is also a contributor of adverse water effects, such as cultural eutrophication from fertilizer runoff, and also results in the death of aquatic animals and shifts in which organisms are more prominent in the ecosystem. This lab will address the effects soil will have on variables concerning water quality. There is also the option of including fish and/or aquatic plants in the water column, which are independent variables as well as the soil. The pH, ammonia levels, nitrite levels, temperature, D.O., and physical attributes are the dependent variables that will be measured during the lab. The qualitative physical tests (turbidity and odor) will portray the physical state and cleanliness of the water, as well as the level of runoff from the soil.

The question being investigated is, what is the water quality of the UHigh creek based on invertebrates found in the water? The water quality is determined by the dissolved oxygen, the pH level, the nitrogen levels, and phosphorous level. The dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen molecules mixed in with the water molecules. If the dissolved oxygen level is low, then the water will become polluted. Dissolved oxygen range is 1-14 parts per million or milligrams per liter(Riverwatch). The aquatic organisms need these dissolved oxygen molecules to breathe and survive. Another factor for measuring water quality is the pH levels. This measures the acidity of different solutions in the water. A pH range of 6.5-8.5 is considered safe for aquatic life. Another factor for measuring water quality is nitrogen. It is found as ammonia and the content of nitrogen in the water should be no more than 1.3-2.2 mg/L. If it is above this range it can

Along Cabbage Tree Creek, four different sites were examined by two year 11 Biology classes to discuss how healthy the waterway is as an entire creek. The whole point of this study was to evaluate what the water quality is and what effect it has on the biotic and abiotic factors of the creek. The four different sites were Aspley High behind the oval, Linkfield Drive, Graham Road and Collins Road where the students examined the water and tested the levels of dissolved oxygen, the temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, flow rate, the amount of phosphate, nitrate and chlorine to make conclusions on the health of the creek as a whole. The Riparian width, habitat and the number of fish were also recorded in order to have an idea of what fish and other organisms live in certain places in the creek. The first place visited in the creek was the site behind Aspley State High School and had the best habitat rating of 17 out of 24. This is because there wasn’t the same amount of litter as the other sites, the creek seemed to have a good flow rate and there was a good amount of instream cover to cool down the creek. The second place in the creek that was visited was Linkfield Drive and out of all four places was deemed to be the unhealthiest with a habitat rating of 11.5.

The water quality of the U-high creek was recorded as excellent. However, that is not that is not the case for every body of water. Some lakes, rivers, or streams are polluted. One way humans pollute the water is chemical runoff from industrial processes. (Lenntech,2016). Some chemicals like sulfuric acid get released into the air and come back down as acid rain. If enough acid rain gets into the river it can start to kill organisms in it. Pesticides from crops is another way that humans can contaminate the water. (Lenntech,2016). When it rains the excess chemicals get washed into the river. The chemical formaldehyde is used in pesticides and is highly toxic to aquatic life. So, if it gets into the river then anything exposed to it will die.

This lab report is based on the question, what is the water quality of the U-High creek based on the invertebrates found? To answer the question there needs to be an understanding of the measures of water quality. The pH range of healthy water is 6.5- 8.5. pH is used to measure the relative acidity of solutions such as water. If there is too much of nitrogen and phosphorous it will increase the growth of aquatic plants and algae, which leads to the bacteria decomposing the dead plant material.

Aquatic chemical composition depends on the environment in which it is based and any outside influences that may affect it. A continuous water cycle displayed in rivers and streams is an important part of nutrient and mineral transport from higher to lower areas of water (Allan and Flecker, 1993). This cycle can help in the regulation of the internal water chemistry, to ensure a safe environment for the organisms. Outside influences also have an effect on water chemistry, it was observed that the decomposition of nearby vegetation caused an influx in the acidity of the water (Allan and Flecker, 1993). Chemical regulation is important for balance within an aquatic habitat. Rivers displayed limited variables in terms of the waters conductivity, dissolved oxygen and nitrate-nitrogen rates (Williams et al. 2003). Although understood that some chemical changes occur naturally those that are human influenced need, stronger and more empathetic strategies set in place to aid in the betterment of species and habitat protection (Allan and Flecker, 2003). The chemical composition is important for water quality, another predecessor that can be taken into consideration for the overall function and determination of this are the organisms that reside. The organisms that inhabit these ecosystems include various macroinvertebrates, vertebrates and

Because streams play important roles in ecosystems and also provide drinking water for humans, this experiment was performed to determine if water velocity affects the health of a stream. For our purposes, water heath was determined by concentrations of dissolved oxygen. We predicted that areas of higher water velocity would have a lower chlorophyll a concentration and higher dissolved oxygen concentration. We collected six samples of water from Wild Basin Preserve in Austin, TX, three from areas of still water and three from areas of running water. We measured the dissolved oxygen concentrations of each sample using an YSI 550A Dissolved Oxygen Instrument and measured the chlorophyll a concentrations of each sample using a DU 800

Environmental factors like bodies of water having an increased temperature, algae blooms take away carbon dioxide from the water during photosynthesis which can raise the ph level, runoff from land mines can produce acid main drainage which lowers the ph level, or when certain dissolved minerals mix with the extra hydrogen or hydroxyl ions that changes the pH levels. When the pH level is altered it doesn’t go too well. For example, when pH level is low it increases the solubility of some heavy metals, which lets them dissolve into the water and become toxic to aquatic organisms. It is optimal for most organisms that the pH level ranges from 6.5 to 8.2.

At Q 1 A reaction is at equilibrium when the ratio of the product and the reactant side are equal. This could further be seen by the reaction quotient depicted by Qc is equal to the equilibrium constant, Kc, of the given chemical reaction. Given that aA + bB ↔ cC +dD, the small letters being the mole coefficients and the big letters being the molecules of the chemical equation, K_eq=([〖C]〗^c [〖D]〗^d)/([〖A]〗^a [〖B]〗^b ) is the formula for finding the Kc of any given reversible equation. The symbol used in writing an equation that involves equilibrium is a double-headed arrow to indicate that indeed, the reaction could go forward and backward.

Methods for environmental testing are selected based on the informed needs of the client and the end use of the data. GT strives to use the latest valid edition of a standard method unless it is not appropriate or possible to do so. The client is advised if they propose a method that is either inappropriate or out of date.