Classical Conditioning Female Response

In classical conditioning, there are four critical elements: the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned response, and the conditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus (US) is a stimulus that causes a response before any conditioning, and an unconditioned response (UR) is the way something reacts to an unconditioned stimulus (text, p. 256). In my example, the US would be bad bacteria, and it resulted in the UR of nausea. A conditioned stimulus (CS) involves a neutral stimulus (NS), something that didn’t originally cause a reaction, becoming something that causes a conditioned response after a connection is made to the US (text, p. 256). In my example, the

Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning which occurs when two stimuli are paired together repetitively and therefore become associated with each other eventually producing the same response. Classical conditioning was developed from the findings of Ivan Pavlov to account for associations between neutral stimuli and reflexive behavior such as salivation. Pavlov (1927) accidently discovered that dogs began to salivate before they had tasted their food. To support his theory, he carried out experiments using dogs which involved measuring the amount of saliva they produced. In his experiments, food started off as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) which produced salivation, an unconditioned response (UCR). They are both unconditioned as they occur naturally without being learned. The dogs were presented with a bell (NS), this provided no salivation. The bell and food were presented together and after many trails an

Classical conditioning is the relationship of an automatic response with a neutral occurrence. There are many main components to classical conditioning. Acquisition which is the learning part of classical conditioning where the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that instinctively causes a response. An unconditioned response is the response to the unconditioned stimulus that the researcher will document. A Neutral stimulus is a stimulus that may not get a response initially however after time, develops an instinctive response. A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus after is has taught the response by training based on the conditioning. A conditioned response is the response to the conditioned stimulus. Extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination are all a part of the classical conditioning process (Nevid,

Respondent conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response, such

Before Classical Conditioning even takes place, there is what one refers to as an unconditioned stimulus (US), which is something in the environment that naturally and automatically triggers an individual to respond. This in turn causes an unconditioned response (UR), which is a natural (meaning is has not been taught), reaction that occurs in the presence of an unconditioned stimulus. The next term we must be familiar with is neutral stimulus. A neutral stimulus (NS), can be either a person, place or object that does not produce a response until it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus. Imagine for example, your grandmother has just baked a fresh batch of chocolate chip cookies. As the cookies (the US) sit by the window to cool,

Respondent or Classical conditioning refers to learning in which an environmental stimulus produces a response in an organism.  Operant conditioning is learning that transpires when an organism associates a response that occurs spontaneously with a particular environmental effect; also called instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning is when both conditioned and unconditioned reflexes occur due to environmental stimuli.  These responses are usually involuntary responses opposed to operant conditioning which are more often than not voluntary behaviors.  Operant conditioning occurs when one learns how to control the environment through actions and reactions. Therefore, their actions and reactions are used to manipulate the world around them. The two are often

Classic Conditioning, defined by Richard A. Griggs, is learning that one stimulus signals the arrival of another stimulus. (141) A stimulus is a phenomenon perceived by the senses. When an initial stimulus is presented within a setting, the response to stimulus is referred to as a reflex. A reflex is a natural and automatic response to the initial stimulus without conscious thinking involved. The first encounter of a given stimulus is referred to as an unconditioned stimulus and the reflexive response is the unconditioned response. However, if the initial stimulus is repetitive, it will become a learned pattern referred to as a conditioned stimulus. When the conditioned stimulus is presented then the reflexive response becomes a learned habit, the conditioned response, as a result of constant repetition of the cyclical phenomenon. (142-143)

Evaluative conditioning involves the paring of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. In the famous Pavlov’s Dogs experiment, Pavlov noticed his dog would salivate every time when Pavlov brought food to him, because this was a natural bahaviour of dogs, the food was the unconditioned stimulus and the salivation was the unconditioned response. Then, every time Pavlov fed his dog, he would ring a bell, after a number of times, he noticed that the dog would salivate when the bell was ringing even with the absence of food. Since dogs would not salivate to ringing bell, the ringing bell was the conditioned stimulus, and under this circumstance, the dog’s salivation became a conditioned

Johns subject was a school friend named Matt and the experiment took place in a class they shared. John got bored in class and started to annoy Matt by blowing air in his face. The unconditioned stimulus was air being blown in Matt’s face causing the unconditioned response which was Matt blinking rapidly. A response most would have to air pressure on there face so John blew the air, but Matt responded by blinking without being conditioned.

This type of conditioning refers to how someone may operate in the environment, as well as how we respond to what is presented in our environment. It can be thought of as a type of learning that occurs due to the natural consequences of our actions. The way I remember how operant conditioning works is by remembering a time when I have made a mistake; I usually remember those mistakes and try to do things differently when the situation comes up again to avoid making those mistakes again. In that sense, I have learned to act differently based on the natural consequences of my previous actions. The same goes for if I have done something that results it a positive outcome.

This is called the unconditioned stimulus because it is a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response. The conditioned response in this situation would be the child becoming hungry after smelling the food that is the conditioned response.

The laws of governing pupil describe how light, hearing a loud noise, and the response of salvation due to different types of stimuli and reflexes. Sherrington who was the founder of the relationship variety of stimulus-response by paying close attention to the reflex instead the response. Focusing on when food enters the mouth it cause immediate salivation due to the salivary glands. The food entering the mouth is known as a basic reflex in which the genetic endowment of an organism isn’t learned but developed naturally. There are two basic types of reflexes in which are referred to as biologically based called unconditioned stimulus (US). The stimulus that is followed is called the unconditioned response (UR). In conclusion, the reason being for the wording unconditioned is for the simple fact that the reflex isn’t depending of the organisms experience or condition.

Watson and Hull define the Classical condition as “as a process of directly attaching a reflux response to a new stimulus.” (p.175). The operant conditioning is “a type of learning in which the future of a behavior is affected by consequences.” (p.228). In the following paragraphs, I use real world scenarios.

A conditioned emotional response is seen in classical conditioning after a conditioned stimulus has been paired with an emotion producing unconditioned stimulus. In other words it is an emotional response that has been classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli. Watson and Rayner created this for the first time with little Albert when he was about eight months and twenty-six days. They struck a hammer against a suspended steel bar and at the third time was when little Albert reacted and began to cry. The next time they tested a conditioned emotional response was when little Albert was at the age of eleven months.

Conditioned stimulus: neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus when it is paired together with an unconditioned stimulus that causes involuntary-like response that would not normally cause that response