Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol
SCH 4UI
Abstract
The Hydroxyl group on alcohols relates to their reactivity. This concept was explored by answering the question “Does each alcohol undergo halogenation and controlled oxidation?” . Using three isomers of butanol; the primary 1-butanol, the secondary 2-butanol and the tertiary 2-methyl-2-propanol, also referred to as T-butanol, two experiments were performed to test the capabilities of the alcohols. When mixed with hydrochloric acid in a glass test tube, the primary alcohol and secondary alcohols were expected to halogenate, however the secondary and tertiary ended up doing so. This may have been because of the orientation of the Hydroxyl group when butanol is in a different
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Three test tubes were placed in a test tube rack..
2. Using a clean eye dropper, 2 drops of 1-butanol were placed in the first tube, 2 drops of 2-butanol were placed in the second tube, and 2 drops of T-butanol were placed in the third tube.
3. Under a fume hood, drops of concentrated HCl(aq) were added to each test tube.
4. Each mixture was shaken gently and subsequently returned to the test tube rack.
5. The tubes were observed for approximately a minute, noting any evidence of cloudiness.
6. The mixtures were then correctly disposed of, and steps 1. and 2. were repeated.
7. To each fresh tube of alcohol, 2 mL of 0.01 mol/L KMnO4 was added, and step 4. was repeated.
8. The Tubes were observed for a final 5 minutes, noting any color changes in the solutions.
Observations and Results
Table 1.1 – Structural Diagrams of Isomers of Butanol.
|2-butanol |1-butanol |2-methyl-2-propanol |
| | | OH |
|OH | || |
||
At five minute intervals over the next fifteen minute period, record the color intensity of the solution of each test tube.
3. Carefully felt the sides of the test tube and observed the resulted chemical reaction for about 30 seconds.
During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.
4) One package of active dry yeast was added to bottle labeled ‘5mL’ and solution was swirled.
* By using the dropper and measuring cylinder, 10ml phenolphthalein was added to the test tube
The objective of this experiment will be to combine various substances, liquids and metals, and to observe their behavior when they are combined. The types of reactions observed shall determine the nature of these reactions: physical or chemical.
4. We observed the test tubes and compared the colors produced from the reaction to the color palette in 1 minute intervals for 5 minutes total.
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to understand the kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride.The kinetic order of reaction was studied under the effects of variations in temperature, solvent polarity, and structure. It is particularly observed in tertiarhalides i.e. in SN1mechanism, Nucleophilic Substitution which is in 1storder. It is basically a reaction that involves substitution by a solvent that pretendslikea nucleophile i.e. it donates electrons. The reaction being in firstorder means
The wet, crude product was placed into the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Small amounts of CaCl2 were added to dry the solution. The flask was sealed and the mixture was swirled and left to settle. Once
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The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions.
The dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol was performed using sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid in order to synthesize alkene products 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene. After carrying out steam distillation to isolate the organic alkenes from aqueous components within the reaction mixture, the purity and characterization of the products were then assessed through various analytical methods including Gas Chromatography (GC), Infrared Radiation (IR) Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging. Through the characterization of the final products, it was found that little impurities remained in the final reaction solution and according to the GC, no alcohol remained in the vial after the reaction was complete. The actual yield
Test tube 1 should have .04 g of benzophenone, test tube 2 should also have .04 g of benzophenone, etc., up to the fourth test tube.
1. 10 drops of 1 M K2CrO4 was added to the solution and stirred for about 10 minutes.
1. Number four clean test tubes 1-4. 2. Place 1 ml (or 20 drops) of the following solutions into each tube: water, egg albumin, starch, and chicken broth. 3. Add 3 drops of Buiret reagent to each tube and gently shake