Does Body Size Affect Endotherms Metabolic Rates?

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

P4- Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body.

Freeman (2008) furthers Eckert et al’s argument by stating that the actin filaments of the muscle cell in organisms are able to intake ATP (adenosine triphosphate) faster and will move the organism faster when higher temperatures are imposed. This is because of an increase in enzyme reaction rates (Freeman 2008). These arguments can be applied to our experiment to help explain the trends observed. It can be argued that as the Gammarus setosus experiences the cold treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the cold temperature, which in turn signals the organism to preserve its energy to protect itself; therefore, the organism will swim slower. In addition, the enzymes in the muscle cells of the organism, when experiencing the cold treatments, will have decreased ability to carry out enzymatic reactions, therefore inhibiting the uptake of ATP, which will cause the organism to swim slowly. Conversely, as the organisms are put into the heated treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the heat, and allows the organism to swim faster, since it does not have allocate as much of its energy towards survival. Furthermore, the enzymes in the cells will be able to catalyze reactions more quickly, therefore allowing the organism to swim faster. However, when the temperature of the surroundings is too high, the enzymes will denature, therefore, reducing the activity rate of

Explain The Physiology Of Two Named Body Systems In Relation To Energy Metabolism In The Body

direct calorimetry. Furthermore, the amount of oxygen in the chamber reveals the amount of cellular respiration of the organism. While also, test the effects of decreasing oxygen, and later increasing the heat on the metabolic rate of goldfish. I hypothesize that an increase in temperature will increase their metabolic rate

“Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in your body”

P4: Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body

Ectotherms like Gryllus (Niehaus 2012), commonly known as crickets, instead depend on external sources for their body heat. Ectotherms must use the environmental energy and behavioral adaptations to shift their body temperature. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a measure of the rate at which an organism releases heat after breaking down food molecules. Crickets possess the ability to respond to thermal change by

8. A deficiency of succinyl CoA synthase can cause a decrease in the production of ATP. The decrease in ATP is seen the substrate level phosphorylation of converting succinyl CoA succinate This would cause the cycle to become acidic due to the buildup of lactic acid. If the cycle continued it would not be functional due to the acid. There would also be a decreased production of ATP in the mitochondria. NADH and Carbon Dioxide would also be decreased. ATP would be decreased because of the deficiency of succinyl CoA synthase. The conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate, which is catalyze and act on by succinyl CoA synthase an associated production of ATP occurs (Sanders,J. 2015).

The purpose of this lab is to analysis goldfish an ectothermic animal affect toward different temperature ranges. The reactions toward the temperatures are taken upon the term of homeostasis, which is regulation for organisms to maintain a steady state while adapting to the conditions that are favorable for survival (Encyclopedia Britannica). In order to achieve a successful homeostasis, many animals use different methods of thermoregulation, which helps maintain the internal temperature of animals. Many methods vary whether the organisms is an endotherm or ectoderm. An endotherm, which includes mammals and birds, is a warm-blooded animal, which maintains a constant body temperature not influenced by the environment (Britannica).

O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define the following terms: metabolism, hormone replacement therapy, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and glucose standard curve. 2. To explain the role of thyroxine in maintaining an animal’s metabolic rate. 3. To explain the effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on an animal’s metabolic rate. 4. To understand how estrogen affects bone density. 5. To explain how hormone replacement therapy works. 6. To explain how fasting plasma glucose is used to diagnose diabetes. 7. To understand how levels of cortisol and ACTH can be used to diagnose endocrine diseases.

Somewhat more precise descriptions can be made by using the terms poikilothermic and homoiothermic. The body temperature of poikllotherms is relatively variable, while that of homeotherms is relatively constant.

In conclusion, the potato cube with the highest surface area to volume ratio (the 1x1x1 cube) had the fastest rate of diffusion as it had the largest percentage increase in mass. While all the other cubes of potato had larger increases in mass at face value compared to the smallest cube, the smallest cube had the largest overall gain in percentage. The results support my hypothesis that the smallest cube will have a higher rate of osmosis because it has a proportionally larger amount of surface area compared to its volume.

Dr. Jonathan Stecyk is a comparative physiologist that studies how animals adapt to their environments. He is an associate professor in the Biological Sciences department at the University of Alaska Anchorage as well as an Alaska Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Faculty member. He has attended many prestigious universities in Canada including Augustina University College and Simon Fraser University and he also received his doctorate from the University of British Columbia. His proudest professional academic achievements thus far have been earning the Cameron Award: for having the best Canadian zoology thesis of 2007 and writing a chapter called “Cardiovascular Responses to Limiting

In the past few years people have become more and more concerned with the quality of their food. Processed foods, as companies searched for cheaper and faster ways to produce ready-made food with longer shelf lives, became more and more lacking in nutritional value resulting in an increase of associated diseases and a rise in obesity rates. This new realization has sent many concerned individuals to switch to organic products in order to avoid the more harmful processes of food production. Because of this decrease in demand for processed foods, corporations must develop new technologies and processes in order to make their products more attractive to the public, and researchers and scientists began testing processed foods in great detail to discover where the problems lie. There have been several works written on the popular subject from many different backgrounds such as that of Abay Asfaw and Segovia Bravo. Asfaw, author of “Does consumption of processed foods explain disparities in the body weight of individuals? The case of Guatemala” with a PhD in Health Economics, writes about a survey he conducted on the rising BMI levels due to the consumption of processed foods. He concludes his research with evidence of a positive correlation between processed food consumption and BMI. Bravo, author of “Formation Risk of Toxic and Other Unwanted Compounds in Pressure-Assisted Thermally Processed Foods” and possessing a degree from the Institute of Science and Technology of Food