LABORATORY REPORT
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Activity: Name: Instructor: Date:
Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output August 26, 2013
Predictions
1. During exercise HR will increase. 2. During exercise SV will decrease. 3. During exercise CO will increase.
Materials and Methods
1. Dependent Variable EDV, ESV, and cardiac cycle length 2. Independent Variable level of physical activity(resting or exercise) 3. Controlled Variables age, weight, height 4. What instrument was used to measure cardiac volumes? MRI 5. Does the instrument used to measure cardiac volume use X-Rays? Explain. no
Results Table 2: Resting and Exercising Cardiac Cycle Length, EDV, and ESV
Resting Values
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Resting and exercising HR – a. What was the average resting HR? 72 b. What was the average exercising HR? 138 c. The range of normal resting HR is between 70 and 73 beats per minute for these subjects. Did average HR increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? increase
5. Resting and exercising SV -a. What was the average resting SV? 69 b. What was the average exercising SV? 104 c. The range of normal resting SV is between 60 and 80 ml for these subjects. Did average SV increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increase
6. Resting and exercising CO – a. What was the average resting CO? 4.9 b. What was the average exercising CO? 14 c. The range of normal resting CO is between 4.2 L per minute and 5.84 L for these subjects. Did average CO increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? increase
Discussion
1. What caused the change in HR with exercise? Muscles use more oxygen and glucose from the blood with increased movement. This produces wastes that decrease blood pH below the normal range causing an increase in heart rate. The heart rate increase delivers blood to the lungs and kidneys more quickly so these organs can remove the wastes from the body. The faster the muscles use energy and create waste, the faster the heart must pump blood. 2. Discuss the effect of venous
Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.
Breathing Rate 2.6 2.9 3 2.8 TV(L) 2.9 3 2.9 2.9 Resting Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.2 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.8 RV(L) 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 Breathing Rate 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 TV(L) 4 4.3 4.4 4.2 Exercising Values ERV(L) IRV(L) 5.6 5.9 6 5.8 6.2 5.3 6.7 6.1 RV(L) 42.2 50.2 49.5 47.3
3. Explain why elite athletes have a lower than normal heart rate, yet have a higher than normal ability to increase cardiac output.
There were two intervals remained constant between at rest and after exercise, the PR interval and the RT interval (there was a clinically insignificant 0.01 second increase in the RT interval after exercise, however I suspect this was likely due to measurement error error rather than an actual increase).
Heart rate anticipatory response – this is where the heart rate starts to automatically increase before you start to exercise. The heart rate is able to increase automatically by chemical hormones, the hormones are adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are found inside the brain. The reason the heart rate increase before exercise is because it prepares the muscles for exercise, the reason it prepares the muscles for exercise is because by the heart rate increase the more oxygen is getting to the muscles there fore they will not be needing a such a large oxygen supply all at once. It doesn’t only supply oxygen it supply’s nutrients, the supply of nutrients also provides energy and helps to repair the muscles after exercise. By the heart rate starting to increase gives the heart a head to start pumping hard this enables the heart to not have as much stress on it.
This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could
Exercise increases heart rate by a process of sympathetic autonomic stimulation. Sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves increase the excitability of the sino-atrial node and reduce the P-R interval .As exercise continues, the physiological changes in the body are continuously monitored by a number of physiological systems and the balance of activity of the sympathetic system (speeding up) and the parasympathetic system (slowing down) is constantly adjusted. When exercise is over, the heart rate does not drop immediately as the body has to undergo a period of re adaption to return to the resting state.
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In the first experiment I was subject 2. For the most part my heart rate did not oscillate too much. My heart rate was a little slower than the other subjects as well. Compared to Activity 2, his oscillations while exercising were a little more dramatic. The reason for this could be that your heart is trying to adjust to the new physically taxing activity that you are enduring. Your body is trying to balance, but if it is thrown into a demanding activity it will take a little bit more adjusting than if you are just resting.
In addition a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise, this happens when exercising. The average reading for breaths per minute during exercise is 23-30. This shows that with more blood pumping through the body more oxygen is needed to keep the body at a sustainable rate to help our body create more energy. Our breathing rate will keep increasing until
In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.
Research Question: What is the effect of practicing aerobic sports on a daily basis, on the recovery heart rate of people?
Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.
The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.
As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.