Fertility rates and birthrates differ depending on social and demographic characteristics, such as age, race and ethnicity, income, and marital status. Between 2009 and 2010, there were decreased for all age groups under 40. Also, fertility rates differ by education and income. In 2008, women with the highest level of education had the highest fertility rate, college graduates had the next highest rate, followed by women with high school educations.
The issues considered regarding having a child is weather or not women fertile. In the United States, 6% of women ages 15 to 44 are infertile. Aside from being infertile some women face difficultly conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term. It includes those who had some physical impairment
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This gives couples a chance to complete an education, build careers, and establish their own relationship. Delaying parenthood until one feels secure and emotionally mature makes sense for some couples.
The health risks facing teens are anemia, pregnancy-related hypertension, preeclampsia, and low birth weight babies. On the other hand, the health risks facing older mothers are pregnancy-related hypertension, fetal mortality, miscarriage, and cesarean-section deliveries. Their offspring are also at somewhat greater risk of birth defects.
A woman’s body changes in several different ways biologically. Their respiratory rate rises to compensate for the demands of the uterus, placenta, and the fetus. The entire cardiovascular system changes and is readjusted. The gastrointestinal system also changes and women experience constipation, acid reflux, and heartburn. Their breast become larger and more tender and nipples tend to stick out more. The endocrine system also changes as hormones are being readjusted throughout the entire body system. Their abdomen begins to expand and ache. The urinary system also changes as the expanding uterus is putting pressure on the urinary bladder. Lastly, the musculoskeletal system changes as there is a realignment of the spinal curvature to maintain balance. The emotional changes women experience during pregnancy are fatigue, morning sickness, moodiness, happiness, anxiety, and depression. However, different emotions are
Many women feel hesitant to discuss their difficulties with conceiving and carrying babies to term, fearing embarrassment, judgment from others, or simply other people’s awkward or inappropriate responses.10 percent of women (6.1 million) between the ages of 15- 44 in the U.S. struggle getting pregnant according to the (CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
152) required their reproduction and choosing to be childless was “non-normative” (p. 152). One participant believed that choosing to remain childless would be more readily accepted by those that did not intimately know him and viewed more negatively by those closest to him (p. 151). I feel this is a very apt assessment of society’s views on childlessness; it is easy to justify the projection of one’s personal beliefs onto someone that we closely know as opposed to a stranger. However, I also believe it depends on the projecting person’s ideas about social norms. I know several single and married couples that have decided to either delay childbearing or refrain altogether and I find no fault in their decision. I do not necessarily believe that it is imperative a person and/or couple have children. Nevertheless, I believe the subject belongs in the “Spouses-Only Area” (Hammond, Cheney, & Pearsey, 2015), and is not one I should pass judgment on. People should be allowed to make a decision that best suits them and not judged or pressured to fit some preconceived mold or
Teen pregnancy has severe health risk factors for the teen mother and for the unborn child as well. Research shows that teen mothers are less likely to get proper prenatal care. Resulting in babies that are more likely to be born prematurely or of low birth rate. This can cause “chronic respiratory
Among females between the ages of 18 and 44, 12.7% had impaired fecundity in 2002, with the percentage slightly improving to 11% over the span of 2006-2010. CITE The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) defines infertility as a health problem, and has made decreasing it a goal by defining it as an objective in the Healthy People 2020.
Research-Emotions of pregnant women can range from high to low and these are called “mood swings”. Pregnant women may experience fear, forgetfulness, weepiness and postpartum depression. Fear happens in the first -trimester because this is the period where miscarriage could happen, a pregnant woman would also be worried if the labour would hurt and question themselves if they would be good parents. Pregnant women may sometimes be forgetful as they are always in a panic and there is evidence that points to the hippocampus that it may change during pregnancy.
The road to parenthood is not all fun and games though, a lot can go wrong. For example there are a number of diseases that both males and females can receive. (Zimmerman, Kim Ann). Cancer is usually the main one people think of, but there is also STD's, HIV, AIDS, and they are all spread from person to person from sexual activity. Along with all the diseases there are many things that can prevent a child from being produced: "Infertility in women is considered a disorder." (Zimmerman, Kim Ann). Although infertility is not a disorder in the male, it is in women because of the fact that the woman carries the babies in their bodies. The partners only need one person to be infertile but also they wont know that they are until the usual birthing process would supposed to be happening. Other problems can occur other than disease, like a pre or post mature baby or in extreme cases even a miscarriage. There are also gender specific cases, the most common is Erectile Disfunction which happens in 1 out of 10 males, doctors are providing pills to erase this condition. (Zimmerman, Kim Ann). Just because you have any one of these conditions does not mean that all hope is lost for having a kid: "Reproductive conditions are treated by a variety of specialists." (Zimmerman, Kim Ann).
Fertility rates differ when comparing specific cultural, ethnic, and religious groups. There are reasons to explain these rates that vary by population. The first thing to note is that highly educated or families that are well off produce fewer children as their children normally attend college and often weigh the expenditure of time and money when considering more children. The second is that those women not in the labor force on general have more children/larger family on average when compared to those women that are employed. Non-Hispanic whites, due to historically being a largest part of the population, have fertility rates are slightly lower than average. African Americans fertility rates have almost mirrored those of Non-Hispanic
Life for a woman is never the same after she gives birth to a child because, even before the woman goes through labor, she has experienced the effects an unborn baby has on her body; a woman, the birth giver, changes the most because she loses something that has been a part of her body for nine months. During the time right after the birth, she suffers from separation. The predominant reason for this is because, during the pregnancy, the hormonal levels of a woman are often disrupted and confused. They increase and decrease frequently, yet soon finds an equilibrium while the baby grows inside the womb. After the birth, the hormone levels are trying to balance again, after the rises and falls due to pregnancy, which causes a woman’s emotions
There are many reasons why a woman would give up a child including her health, the child’s health, parental pressure, economics, and social, cultural and religious taboos. While in the U.S., having a baby while unmarried has become relatively common, and many families accept an out-of-wedlock baby readily, many others do not. There are young people who are too afraid to admit the situation to their parents and others who are simply not in a position, either financially or mentally, to raise a child.
Raising a child isn't an easy thing to do. Raising a child while the parents are still in their teens is even harder. Dealing with the day to day chores that involves a baby and trying to work and get an education is very stressful on any teen.
than the simple ability for a teenage girl to walk into a pharmacy and purchase a pill, or patch of
However, some caution is in order when drawing connections between lower fertility and socioeconomic development. The "demographic bonus" is not automatic but dependent on appropriate policy in other areas. Furthermore, savings from the "bonus" must be wisely
Many lifestyle factors such as the age at which to begin a family, nutrition, weight, exercise, psychological stress, environmental and occupational exposures, and others can have significant effects on fertility. lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, and alcohol and caffeine consumption can negatively influence fertility. Women frequently choose to pursue a career, and wait for the stability of permanent employment before establishing a family. According to the CDC, many women are waiting until their 30s and 40s to have children. In fact, about 20% of women in the United States now have their first child after age 35, and this leads to a growing cause of fertility complications. Research has proven that approximately one-third of couples in which the woman is older than 35 years have fertility problems. Aging not only decreases a woman's chances of having a baby but also increases her chances of miscarriage and of having a child with a genetic
This paper will explore the population phenomena pertaining to Singapore acquiring and sustaining low fertility, which has ultimately resulted in an ageing population. There is a multitude of interconnected factors that have contributed to Singapore’s low fertility, and more importantly how this has reduced younger populations being added every year. However, this paper will focus on the premise that women’s higher educational attainment has prompted a delay in marriage, and thus a delay in having babies. Therefore, this paper will evaluate statistics retrieved from the International Data Base from the Census Bureau Website that include the Total Fertility Rate and Age Specific Fertility Rate in Singapore over a span of twenty years.
The spatial distribution of total fertility rate in 2001 has been depicted in Fig.1.b. It varies from 5.5 in Badaun to 2.6 in Kanpur Nagar with the state average of 4.4 according to 2001 census. These percentage figures have been grouped into three suitable ranges of 4.69. Areas of high total fertility rate (>4.69) cover almost whole of the northern region of state in the form of a continuous belt except some southern districts of Chitrakoot, Lalitpur and Sonbhadra. Low fertility rates are mainly found in the relatively developed districts of Ghaziabad, Baghpat, Meerut, Agra in western region, Kanpur, Lucknow and Faizabad in central and Varanasi in Eastern parts of the state. Medium category districts are distributed in eastern Uttar