Determining the Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions
Mrs. Farrales Nikita Pandya
October 23, 2012
December 3, 2012
INRODUCTION
In the method of continuous variations the total number of moles of reactants is kept constant for the series of measurements. Each measurement is made with a different mole ratio of reactants. A mole ratio is ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction. Mole ratios are used as conversion factors between products and reactants in many chemistry problems.
The optimum ratio, which is the stoichiometric
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Start time: 12:15 Instant separation
End time: 12:25 Liquid still a little cloudy. Precipitate is ¾ of test tube color is light/dark orange
24 hours later: Same results 4. Start time: 12:19 Separating VERY slowly
End time: 12:29 There is no precipitate just yet. Very cloudy.
24 hours later: Same results 5. Start time: 12:22 Separation did not occur instantly
End time: 12:32 There is no precipitate just yet. Very cloudy.
24 hours later: Same results 6. Start time: 12:24 Separation did not occur instantly
End time: 12:34 There is no precipitate. Very Cloudy.
24 hours later: Same results 7. Start time: 12:27 Separation did not occur instantly
End time: 12:37 There is no precipitate just yet.
24 hours later: Same results
CuCl2 and Na3PO4
1. Start time: 12:36 Separated quickly
End time: 12:46 Precipitate ½ of test tube. Color is light blue
24 hours later: Same results 2. Start time: 12:37 Separated quickly
End time: 12:47 Precipitate is ¾ of test tube. Color is regular blue
24 hours later: Same results 3. Start time: 12:39 Separated quickly
End time: 12:49 Precipitate is ¾ of test tube. Color is regular blue.
24 hours later: Same results 4. Start time: 12:41 Separated only a little bit in the first two minutes
End time: 12:51 Precipitate is ¾ of test tube and color is light blue
24 hours later: Same results 5. Start time: 12:42 Separated only a little bit in the
When the pH is not at its optimum, the differing pH's will disrupt the bonding between the R groups of the amino acid causing its structure and the shape of the activation site to change
If feeding efficiency and reproduction have a direct correlation, and a population started with equal proportions of individuals with each of three feeding types, metal spoon, metal knife, and plastic fork, the frequency of the population with metal spoons as their feeding structure will increase in the next generation. While the frequency of metal knifes and plastic forks will decrease. Furthermore, since the organisms with the metal spoon feeding structure have a higher fitness level, this population will evolve by natural selection to a point where the metal spoon phenotype will be in abundant. While the organisms with metal knifes and plastic forks phenotypes will decrease in frequency due to the lack of reproduction. Eventually, if this population persist overtime, most of the organisms, if not all, will have the metal spoon phenotype, while very few, if not any, will have the metal knife or the plastic fork phenotype.
The method of continuous variation is able to be used in order to determine the mole ratio of reactants in a chemical reaction. This is done by measuring the change in temperature. Due to the reaction producing heat (exothermic) and the total volume of the solutions being kept constant for all measurements, the heat produced is proportional to the amount of reaction that occurs as well to the extent that the reaction occurs. This then helps to find the greatest amount of reactants consumed and the greatest amount of product formed which ultimately identifies the optimum ratio of the two reactants.
The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in
The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).
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Stoichiometry is a method scientists use to presume how two or more substances will react together. In order to do so successfully, the reactants are positioned on the left and the products on the right. The most important part of successfully