Me Doing What I Gotta Do

The five key aspects of theoretical orientation to development include: psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavior and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. Each one of these happen to contribute an important piece to the life-span development puzzle. Although some of these theories may contradict the others they all work together to make us understand the things that happen throughout life. Together the coincide to let us see the total picture of development and the great things that come along with it.

The age range I have chosen is 3-7 yrs and I will discuss intellectual development. The main stages of intellectual development as defined by Jean Piaget for children aged 3-7 yrs are classified under the “Preoperational Stage” the second stage of four in his cognitive development theory. Piaget states that children between the ages of 3-7 yrs continue to explore their environment and develop their thinking from their experience. They use mental imagery and begin to represent their thinking symbolically through language and the symbolic use of objects, such as using a doll to represent a baby. They tend

The importance of child-parent attachment in Freud 's theory of personality is best captured in his characterization of the infant-mother relationship (Richters & Waters 1991, Brogaard 2015). Freud (as explained by Richters & Waters 1991) described socialization as the process through which a child 's natural erotic and aggressive instincts are gradually brought under the control of the superego. Freud believed that children identify with the superegos as well as the situational behaviors of their parents (Richters & Waters 1991). Identification process, according to Freud, is rooted in the child 's initial total dependence on

The human brain is ninety-five percent of its adult size at age six, but the myth of the first three years can be proven false by the constant developing of the grey matter in the front cortex throughout one’s life especially through their teenage years, which is why the experiences the brain is exposed to is crucial long past those early years. This grey matter “the thinking part of the brain continues to thicken throughout childhood as the brain cells grow extra connections like a tree growing extra branches, twigs, and ruts” according to Dr. Jay Giedd who works at the National Institute of Mental Health. In PBS Frontline’s video informational video on the teenage brain describes how the parts of the brain that are not used after “the flurry

Freud suggests that both boys and girls are significantly attached to their mothers in the pre-Oedipal stage. He does not give this stage much importance. Then, as children grow into the Oedipal stage, they discover their main differences; their genitals. This spurs penis envy in the girls as they realize they are lacking some impressive equipment. The boy seeing the girl’s lack of a penis think that the girl used to have one and got it cut off as a punishment for something. This prompts the boy’s fear of castration. At this point, the children see their opposite sex parent as their love interest. The boy see the father as competition for the mother’s love and the girls see the mother as competition for the father’s love. The boy stifles pursuit of the mother in fear of being punished by castration. The girl hopes that the father will give her a penis if she loves him well enough. Freud never gives the girl a reason to fear the mother and cease her pursuit of the

He said child development is described as a series of 'psychosexual stages. Freud outlined these stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Each stage involves the satisfaction of a libidinal desire and can later play a role in adult personality. If a child does not successfully complete a stage, Freud suggested that he or she would develop a fixation that would later influence adult personality and behavior.

A group of scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine in the United States discovered that the region of the brain responsible for face recognition grows in children and adults. The discovery surprised scientists because it was widely believed that brain development didn't involve tissue growth in adulthood, but rather neuroplasticity. Until now, it was thought that brain development occurred exclusively through a process called synaptic pruning - a mechanism of destruction of the synapses (connections between the neurons) that are rarely used, opening the way for the development of stronger and more effective synapses.

It allows an individual to regulate standards, embrace moral values and decides whether or not the ego has implemented problem-solving strategies that are acceptable (Shaffer et al, 2010; Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Ultimately, Freud believed that sex was the most important instinct influencing personality and any mental disturbance revolved around sexual conflicts that were suppressed from childhood. Furthermore, Freud believed that parents permitting too much or too little gratification of sexual needs led to a fixation on that activity throughout their lifetime (Shaffer et al., 2010). This fixation can eventually lead to a regression in behaviour. Regression can determine whether or not the behaviour is psychopathological in nature depending on intensity and changes within their personality (Kerig & Wenar, 2006; Lothane, 2006).

we're born with this idea that we're the center of the universe, we think everything responds to us. There's pervasiveness to it, a sense that the world serves you, and kids behave accordingly … Small children, by their very nature, are moral monsters. They're greedy, demanding, violent, destructive, selfish, impulsive and utterly remorseless. They fight with playmates and siblings constantly, biting, hitting and kicking at will, but screaming in pain and indignation if they're attacked in return. They expect to be adored but not disciplined, rewarded but never penalized, cared for and served by parents and family without caring or serving reciprocally … Sigmund Freud wrote that the earliest stage of a baby's life is defined by what he called ''primary narcissism'', which concords with Kluger's theory. He also writes that ''lack of empathy is easily the most important of these disagreeable traits, and in many ways is the hardest for babies to overcome''. (21, 27).

In both sexes, muscular development is raid during puberty, but muscle tissue grows faster in boys than girls. In contrast, body fat increases for both sexes during puberty, but more so for females than for males, especially during the years just before puberty. The result of these sex differences is that boys finish adolescence with a muscle-to-fat ratio of about 3 to 1, but the comparable ratio for girls is approximately 5 to 4.

A newborns brain growth is rapid and their growth and development reflects their experiences and social relationships (Berger,2014). From two weeks after conception until two weeks after birth the brain grows more rapidly than any other organ in the body (Berger,2014). We will now examine what biologically takes place inside the brain of an infant to better try to understand why development at this stage is so crucial. A newborns brain has billions of neurons, that are located in the portion of the brain called the Cortex, and they regulate and control thought, feeling, and sensation (Berger, 2014). In addition, research has found that children younger than

"There is a strong correlation between the amount of sleep a child gets and normal brain development. It is necessary for the brain to have a period of uninterrupted, physiological rest in order to process all it has experienced throughout the day" according to

More specifically, Freud traces the roots of all adult behaviors back to childhood impulses and showed how conflicts related to the development of sexuality in childhood subsequently results in psychopathology or neuroses. (Good & Beitman)

Gender also refers to the socially constructed norms and values, roles and relations that are considered appropriate for men

It is normally thought that gender is something that is developed at birth and is something that is set in stone. More recently in time, people have started to express that they feel that their gender identity is different and separate from their sex at birth. Egan and Perry are considered very important researchers in the field of gender identity and psychology. The two proposed that gender identity is multi-faceted and is made up of five different components that are generally independent of one another. The categories are as follows: knowing one belongs to one gender or another, how much they feel they belong to the category, how happy they are with that gender, how much pressure they feel to conform to gender stereotypes and how much they feel their sex is superior to the opposite (Carver, Yunger & Perry, 2003, p. 95). All of these relate to adjustment in different senses. Egan and Perry found that by middle childhood, most have a fairly stable idea of their standing on all of these categories. Their perception thrives most when they are confident in themselves and when they feel that they are not constricted in their freedom to explore other