Open Fractures Case Study

Studies and surveys have shown that upper-extremity injuries are a common result of pitching through youth, high school, and collegiate baseball leagues. There have been surveys taken to show the relation of elbow and shoulder injuries and pitching. Statistics taken describe (1) the proportion of pitchers with a history of pitching related upper-extremity injury (2) proportion of pitchers with w history of pitching related elbow and shoulder injury that was treated through surgery (3)types of upper-extremity injuries sustained by pitchers and (4) types of upper extremity injuries sustained by a certain age category around the same time of injury.

Many other complications result from the falls of older adults. Hip fractures are one of the most feared complications in the elderly. Up to 20% of people sustaining a hip fracture become non-ambulatory, and only 14 to 21% recover their ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living (Roman, 2003). Older adult patients admitted to hospitals for hip fractures often develop delirium, which is associated with increased risk of being discharged to institutional care facilities. This becomes a vicious cycle, as they are then more prone to falls once they are in a confused cognitive state of mind. Twenty-five percent of older adults who sustain a hip fracture from a fall will die within 6 months of the injury. More than 50% of older patients who survive hip fracture are discharged to nursing homes and other assistive health care facilities. Hip fracture survivors experience a

fracture. Those patients spent an average of 7.3 days spent in the ICU. In contrast,

Hip fractures are one of the most common causes of extended hospital stay among the

In February, I had the opportunity to volunteer as a student nurse at one of Fresno State’s SAFE Balance screening sessions. This event was not only specifically important to our community, but to the entire realm of medical field in general because people are living longer. Not only is the elderly population increasing, they also are having to live with many other health issues, which is where medical professionals’ come into play to promote disease prevention, wellness, and overall living a lifestyle in the healthiest and most independent way possible. Precisely, one of the major health concerns among the elderly, is their risk for falls, since falls are growing an increasing problem in fractures, which often lead to other health problems.

Many of the injuries suffered by older adults are serious and can lead to a significant impact on quality of life (CDC, 2012). For example, 45% of the fatal falls in 2000 involved a traumatic brain injury. Falling is also the primary cause of hip fractures (95%) and in 2009 afflicted 271,000 Americans. Three fourths of these hip fractures were suffered by women. Of those who do fall, including those who sustain no serious injuries, their vitality can suffer due to self-imposed physical restrictions. Muscles can atrophy and mental health can suffer due to a lack of social activities.

The client name is Johnny. He is an eight-year-old, low SES African American male. He identified himself as Black. He lives with a seven-year-old stepbrother and mother in an independent home in inner city of Milwaukee. The client was referred to intensive outpatient unit by his mother due to suicidal / homicidal ideations (almost daily), impulsive / disruptive behaviors and mood instability both at home and school. Mother was also worried about his sexualized behaviors towards brother, cousin and peers. The client’s behavioral and emotional problems started at the age of four. He has multiple inpatient admissions over the past three years (Mom believes at least five admissions). The client had a multiple trauma history including sexual and

Nearly 10 % of falls are followed by serious injuries including fractures, head injury and injuries to the soft tissues. About 2% of falls result in hip fracture, which is among the leading cause of long-term disability and admission to nursing homes. Interestingly more than 90% of hip fractures, which are one of the most expensive surgical diseases to manage, are caused by

As previously stated, falls account significantly for injuries witnessed in hospitalized patients. Falls are attributable to risks which can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic factors predisposing patient to falls relates to their physical state or their overall level of wellbeing (Miake-Lye et al., 2013). For instance, issues such as their age, gender, balance, ailments such as arthritis affecting their level of incapability, etc. Extrinsic factors relate to the patient's environment such as the lighting levels, the slipperiness of hospital floors and other contributory factors (Miake-Lye et al., 2013). The bottom line, however, is that most of these risk factors can be assessed, and appropriate measures taken to prevent most of these

An open skull fracture consists of a break of the dura that expose the cranial contents to the environment. Some of the complications that should be considered are posttraumatic seizures, infection (e.g. meningitis), blood clot, cranial nerve damage, and leaking of spinal fluid. Posttraumatic seizures occur more often among open brain injuries because causal mechanisms are poorly understood. There are many changes happening in cellular and molecular level in association with injury and repair like sprouting of new neurons with hyperexcitability and lowering in GABAergic inhibiton that leads to epileptogenesis. In term of infection, bacteria or virus can cause major infection if the wound is not kept clean and it’s important to use the correct

A greenstick fracture is a fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent (like a green stick). "This time of broken bone most commonly occurs in children because their bones are softer and more flexible those are the bones of adult" (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013). Greenstick fracture can be difficult to diagnose because there may not be much pain or swelling and the child is using the limb and has full motion. Usually children suffer from fractures in wrist, forearm leg, and foot because there are few body parts that usually get injured while playing. Greenstick fracture might not show classic signs and symptoms of a typical fracture and can be difficult to diagnose. According National Institute of Health X-ray can reveal

These injuries can greatly decrease your mobility to almost none. Broken and fractured bones can put you in a cast for several months. After being in the cast for several months you might develop atrophy and you will have to strengthen those muscles to get back to normal.

You have experienced a stress fracture. Stress fractures are caused by repetitive force and weakened bones due to an condition such as osteoporosis[1]. Repetitive force on your bone due to running has caused your bone to crack[2]. Your bones may also have been weakened due to a variety of factors such as lack of calcium or vitamin D[3], lowered calcitriol levels[3], lowered estrogen levels[4], and insufficient resting time[1]. These factors can cause cells in your bones called osteoclasts to reabsorb calcium into blood by releasing hydrochloric acid to dissolve the calcium phosphate in the bone[3].

As an athlete, I suffered many sprains and impact injuries; however, none were comparable to my mother’s. Considering that her orthopedic traumas marked such a pivotal moment in my life, I naturally took an interest in orthopedics and sports medicine. In attending appointments with my mom, I witnessed how osteopathic manipulative treatment can positively influence one’s health. In researching OMT, I quickly became an advocate of it, for decreasing negative side effects and instances of physical rejection. I also appreciate the hands-on treatment because creates the opportunity to serve patients without having to prescribe large amounts of medications that often exceed their lifestyles and budgets. In transforming the human body through its

The medical chart was used to obtain information from the time of fracture to arrival at the hospital. The type of transport to the hospital (ambulance, other); length of stay in the emergency department (ED); time from inpatient admission to surgery; duration of surgery; and type of anesthesia (general anesthesia; other type) was also used to determine this study. Weight and height were abstracted from the medical chart or, when missing, were obtained by interviewing the patient or proxy. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height (kg/m2). History of chronic cognitive deficit was assessed from the medical chart; if missing in the chart, it was assumed to be absent. Severity of illness was measured using the Rand Sickness at