Philosophy Of Positive Reinforcement

Workout plans are implemented by operant conditioning to reinforce a behavior. Behaviors are influenced by reinforcements or punishments we have learned. If one wants to help a friend make the football team and lose weight they must use operant conditioning. The friend can use several methods including positive and negative reinforcements, while also using positive and negative punishments. Overall these four methods will allow the friend to learn good habits in order to achieve weight loss goals.

Keeping in mind that identifying the variables that maintain problem behavior (reinforcement) is more affective for treatment selection (Mevers, Fisher, Kelley, and Fredrick, 2014), one common treatment for problem behavior is Noncontingent reinforcement. (Carr, Severston, & Lepper, 2009). NCR is used in combination with extinction for problem behavior and involves dense schedules of reinforcement that are decreased gradually (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). The problem behavior may be replaced by an alternative behavior already existing in the individual repertoire, during NCR (Virues-Ortega, Iwata, Fahmie, and Harper, 2013). The American Psychological Association’s Division 12 criteria for empirically supported treatments established NCR and extinctions as an effective treatment for problem behavior (Chambless & Hollon, 1998). When the schedules of NCR are dense there is a reduction of the Motivating operation (MO) for problem behavior (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). NCR is more effective when the same reinforcement maintaining the behavior (functional reinforcement) is used in the contingency instead of an alternative reinforcement (as cited in Phillips,iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian, 2017). Thus, the same reinforcement responsible for maintaining problem behavior should be used in an NCR contingency (Vollmer et al. 1993). In a study by Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian (2017), Non-contingent

Reinforcement is an essential part in identifying and encouraging a certain behavior. In the most classic definition, positive reinforcement is a method of identifying to children which behaviors are acceptable and appropriate and which are not (Sigler, E. & Aamidor, S, 2005). Reinforcement is often given as praise for doing a certain task. As educators, saying “great job” or a simple word like “fantastic” are expressed towards students as praise. However, when a student is struggling and praise is given such as “you are doing so well”, the negative aspects of praise present themselves. The child is aware of the empty praise therefore it may work against the teacher if it is taken as a false

Literature suggests that positive learning environments are built on student – teacher relationships and that these relationships provide the critical foundations upon which to support positive learning. As a mathematics tutor who recently completed an honours thesis based on student understanding, I stand in full agreeance of the literature, before I can adequately tutor a struggling student I need to understand how that student learns. This understanding of student learning is best gained through building a positive relationship with the student and as stated by Skemp (1976) ‘talking with the student, is undoubtedly the best way to assess which mental processes were used’. I believe students must feel that their learning is important, be

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If I recall from my undergraduate days, positive reinforcement occurs dependent on a behavior occurring when reward is presented that’s dependent on that behavior. A few years back, a student and parents were sitting in my office and the mom says, “Mi hijo, you did not know English five years ago, and now you are helping your brothers with their homework. In a few more classes, you will learn to do this and be able to help your brothers too. They learn so good from you.” I am always fascinated by moms and dads that can use positive reinforcement as a powerful tool to achieve a variety of agenda in regards to keeping their children motivated academically. For many of my immigrant parents, the term “positive reinforcement”

Negative reinforcement is when something negative or unpleasant is removed after the situation to reinforce a future behavior. Contrary to reinforcement is punishment. Positive punishment is when an unpleasant event is added to a situation following a behavior (e.g. unpleasant scolding). Negative punishment is when something pleasant is removed from the situation following a behavior (e.g. losing privileges). The alternative to reinforcing or punishing is ignoring a behavior. This is known as extinction (Sigelman & Rider, 2009). Although behaviorism acknowledges a close relation between environment and organism and emphasize active learning (Wilson & Meyers, 2000), action is ultimately determined by environment rather than by self (Taetle & Cutietta, 2002).

The secondary reinforcers is a stimulus conduct after been associated with the the primary reinforcers. The psychologists prefer negative reinforcement to punishment as a way to shape a behavior because The primary reinforcers occur naturally and do not need to be learned,on the contrary the second reinforcers tend to stimuli and change people's behavior. An example of negative reinforcement in my life is waking up early in order to to be on time in class,another example would be drinking coffee in the morning in order to stay awake. An example of punishment in your life was In 8 grade my mom took my phone away because I was going late to bed, and did not want to wake up early the next morning. Punishment reinforcement is better in my opinion

May we carry out all our positive learnings with us for the rest of our lives and be a good fellow alumnus of Pratt Institute. For I know every single one of us are bright and talented. The possibilities and opportunities are now limitless. We are the next big thing and I surely will miss everyone. Today is one of the happiest days of our lives thus far. At the same time, it is sad to realize that the people we use to see every day, we might not see any more after this day. We should try to mitigate that as much as possible and keep this network and friendship well-polished. Although, I guess that is what life is about. It makes our lives more stressful and more of a mess. I heard once, “No matter how neatly you organize your desk, it will

As long as humans still exist, so will crime. Unless it would be possible to stop human urges to commit crimes, outside forces can only prevent so much. I believe we would need both positive behavior reinforcement and negative sanctions to create a more effective criminal punishment system and prevent future crimes. Here’s what I believe we would need to do in order to achieve that:

Tashawna Duncan, Kristen Kemple, and Tina Smith all agree that implementing reinforcements in early childhood is critical for the push for all inclusive classrooms. No two children are alike. Therefore, it’s up to the teacher to determine effective ways to get all of the students to perform and master the desired behavior in the class. Some kids are motivated to perform simply because they like to please adults. Yet, what about the children who need more positive reinforcement? That’s when the teacher can implement social, tangible, activity reinforcers. “A particular behavior is said to be positively reinforced when the behavior is followed by the presentation of a reward that results in increased frequency of the particular behavior” (Abbendento

When talking about positive reinforcement, I believe it is a great and effective strategy for teachers to implement in their classroom. In my readings, I found an interesting strategy to keep up the positive reinforcements for students. In this example, a teacher put 10 pennies into her right pocket and moved a penny to her left pocket every time she found a way to recognize the positives in a student.(Kaiser & Rasminsky, 2012) I believe that this strategy would work really well for maintaining positive reinforcement in the classroom. I know that sometimes teachers start off really strong and they fade out the longer they're in the classroom. With a strategy like this where there is a set number that the teacher needs to meet every day the

To redesign schools to reward grit and perseverance rather than numerical measures of intelligence like IQ, class rank, and SAT scores, many drastic changes would have to be made. First off, schools recognizing when students accomplish goals, especially when there were many obstacles, would reward kids for persistence. For example, when a student whose grades dropped because they were very ill was able to bring their grades back up. If schools focus on accomplish goals, students are able to become dedicated and show growth (Wormeli, 2014, pg. Another way to improve grit is for teachers use positive reinforcement. If they notice students working hard on like a paper, they could give points back to the students if they get points off or make

Vicarious reinforcement is defined as a phenomenon in which a response increases in frequency when another person is observed being reinforced for that response. (watching what happen to someone else and if it is a positive it may be copied by other students). It is a way to recognize and reward desirable behavior in hopes that it will continue.

I am using B.F. Skinner’s reinforcement theory to theorize Tommy Bandas from Bandura’s case study. This patient’s presenting problem consists of acting out as he picks on other children, especially the girls in his class. This could be happening because of his home environment since Tommy’s dad did all of the talking when they spoke to the teacher, cutting Tommy’s mom off whenever she tried to bump in. There are also incidents where Tommy trips or pushes the “nerd” of the class, causing the other boys to join him by laughing at the situation. This behavior he’s showing may have been influenced due to his dad since he does not see Tommy’s behavior as a problem and instead makes it seem like Tommy is growing into a stronger person.