Polyphenylene Vinylene Lab Report

In the modern world, it is near impossible to live in an environment where one is not exposed and reliant upon the use of polymers. From credit cards to nappies; plastic bottles to prescription glasses, the applications of polymers encompass an endless range of everyday necessities. However, the significance of synthetic polymers was not universally recognised until its initial introduction as polyethylene during World War II. During the combat, they served as a critical material for insulated radar electronics (ACC, 2005).

What is its melting point? 1,405 K: 1,132 C: 2,070 F. boiling point? 4,404 K: 4,131 C: 7,468 F

First, we need to plug in the variables into the numbers from the information to create our first equation for the system. 3j (glasses of orange juice) + 5p (5 pancakes) = 7.60. Now, plug in the variables into the numbers from the information for the second equation for the system. j ( a glass of orange juice) + 2p ( 2 pancakes) = 2.90.

In the LULC/Soil/Slope tool box, the last option is slope tab. User has to select to number of slope classes for the watershed. Two options are available to define the slope discretization in the slope definition tool box. First one is single slope and second one is multiple slopes. If user select single slope in the tool box, it creates slope range class 0-999%, if user selects multiple slopes, the tool allows to create 5 classes. For the kaddam watershed five slope classes has been selected in the tool box. The classes are 1) 0-5% 2) 5-10% 3) 10-15% 4) 15-35% and 5) 35-9999%. The slope map of the kaddam shown in the

We made a table to help us figure out how to find the pattern. In Table 1.2, the first column you see the number of cuts. The second column is the most pieces possible, and the last column is the differences we got between the upper bound of the cut before and the cut we were on. For example, we got four pieces for two cuts and seven pieces for three cuts, this means that between two cuts and three cuts there was a difference of three pieces. We noticed that the difference was also equal to the number of cuts.

Question of the day: What factors correlate to the time it takes for polyethylene glycol 3350 to dissolve?

In this experiment, 1,2-cyclohexene was taken and made it 1,2-cyclohexanediol in two separate reactions. Two products were formed in each respective reaction: cis-1, 2-cyclohexene and trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediol. To figure out which product was formed in each reaction, TLC was used to test the stereochemistry from the products compared to the actual compounds. Each retention factor was compared to the actual product retention factors to see if the reactions had been done properly.

Cyclohexane + Cyclohexene Experiment Prelab What colour is cyclohexane? -Cyclohexane is a colourless solution. What colour is cyclohexene? -Cyclohexene is a colourless solution.

Three polymers with industrial applications were produced. Ethylene glycol and glycerol both produced polyesters with thermoplastic properties. These plastics are soft and malleable when heated, but solidify once removed from heat. Thermosetting plastics were obtained from a reaction with phthalic anhydride rather than with a carboxylic acid because it is more reactive. The reaction between phthalic anhydride and ethylene glycol produced the linear polyester. Correspondingly, the reaction between phthalic anhydride and glycerol produced a cross-linked polyester with a more rigid three-dimensional structure. Linear polyesters are characterized by each component of the reaction having only two functional groups. Cross-linked polyesters form a rigid three-dimensional structure due to more than two functional groups present in one of the monomers. As a result, the linear polymer chain becomes cross-linked to another polymer chain. Both required the removal of water in order to shift the reaction toward the desired product. Additionally,

To prepare and purify an ester: 1-pentyl ethanoate, using pent-1-ol and ethanoic acid. An annotated reaction showing this reaction is shown below:

From our results we can conclude that our product is 2-methyl-2-hexanol. We came to this conclusion because our product did not react with the sodium test. Tertiary alcohols are the slowest to react with sodium because the hydroxyl group is very crowded. On the contrary, methanol reacts almost immediately because there are only hydrogen atoms surrounding the hydroxyl group. 2-methyl-2-propanol only reacted after a few minutes and no gas was evolved. It can be assumed that our product is a tertiary alcohol which 2-methyl-2-hexanol is. The next test that was performed was the lucas test. In the lucas test tertiary alcohols react the fastest because a carbocation is made and tertiary carbocations are easiest to make. Tertiary alcohols, such as

Polymers have been changing the way we live for over 100 years. Their availability and diverse qualities ensure that they are always in high demand, and new polymers are always being discovered. Where does this leave the now commonplace polymers which once were ubiquitous in commerce? Polymers such as polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride (Bakelite) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were first synthesised in 1907 and 1938 respectively, making them old by polymer standards. Although the original polymer applications are now redundant, they have found uses in new areas of society. This dynamic aspect of polymers is due to their unique structure. Polymers are created from many small molecules (or monomers) reacting with each other, and arranging

Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP) is a new but rapidly developing method with great potential for the preparation of well-defined conjugated polymers (CPs). At present, the KCTP method has been commonly used to prepare alkyl substituted CPs. However, the alkyl substituted CPs have been more widely used in areas including organic photovoltaic 's, organic field effect transistors, and organic light-emitting

Ever since the first polymer was fabricated in 1907, scientists have been seeking new applications for classic polymers (Brewer, 2006). Recently, in 2010, an enhanced structure of the photovoltaic cell (PVC) was proposed: synthesising new polymers from regular polymers for advanced donating and electron-accepting (D-A) moieties in PVCs (Mike et al., 2010). Also, in 2005, another additional application for traditional polymers has been discovered. By adding cinnamic acid to a flexible polymer, a material is produced which changes shape in response to different wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light (Lendlein, 2005). Hence, an ‘old’ polymer can be taught new applications and ‘tricks’ if modified in some way.

I express my deep gratitude to Prof. Parameshwar Krishnan Iyer for introducing me to the field of organic electronics. I thank him for his guidance and inspiration and for the ideas and suggestion he gave which motivated me to pursue