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Summary: The Day That Changed American History

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December 7, 1941 was a day that changed American History forever. At 7:48 am, Hawaiian time, the military base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighter planes, bombers and torpedo planes, launched from six aircraft carriers. This attack resulted in four sunk battleships, two of which were able to be recovered, three more battleships damaged, three cruisers damaged, three destroyers damaged, 159 aircraft damaged and 188 aircraft destroyed. There were also thousands of casualties involved in the attack, mostly military, but several civilian casualties as well. There were 2,403 Americans killed, 1,178 wounded and 68 civilians killed and 35 wounded. The Japanese had many fewer losses, they lost four submarines, 29 aircraft and 64 men were killed (History.com …show more content…

Planning had begun early in 1941 under the oversight of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. He won approval for formal planning and training for an attack from the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, but only after much conflict with the Japanese Naval Headquarters (Parshall, 2011). Over the next several months, pilots were trained, equipment was prepared, and intelligence was collected. Despite these preparations, Emperor Hirohito did not approve the attack plan until November 5, 1941. By late 1941 many people in the United States and the general public in Japan believed that the conflict between the two nations was imminent. While United States Pacific bases had been placed on high alert on many occasions, but U.S. officials doubted Pearl Harbor would be the first target; instead, they expected the Philippines would be attacked first. They also believed that Japan was not capable of mounting more than one major naval operation at a time (Parshall, 2011). Ever since the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, there has been much debate as to how and why the United States was caught off-guard by the attack, and how much American officials knew of these Japanese

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