The Pros And Cons Of Xenotransplantation

     The audience for this paper is comprised of those readers looking to gain knowledge on the issue of xenotransplantation. This group of people is unaware of the dynamics of the ethical arguments surrounding this current issue. This audience does not have a specific age or belief, reflecting the varied positions of the argument. Due to this hunger for factual information, they do not wish to have someone else’s views imposed on them. Instead, they wish to define and establish a view of their own.      

Xenotransplantation is a controversial medical procedure that has been debated by medical ethicists for many years. Xenotransplantation or Xeno is defined as the short-term transplantation of animal tissues into a human. It has been argued that the procedure is unethical because of the use of animal organs. However, twenty two people die each day waiting for an organ transplant, so we must act soon to save the thousands of lives that are still waiting. Xenotransplantation is a highly debatable procedure and offers a unique solution to the ever growing organ transplant list, making it a viable and worthwhile procedure.

An average of 16 people die in Europe each day without getting the organ they need to survive. 22 people die each day in the United States without getting the organ they need, too. All of these people who die are waiting for organs such like a liver, heart, and other organs that will help keep them alive. The scientists looked at the statistics and wanted to start to develop new organs and body parts to save the patients that are waiting for them. The scientists thought they could start by growing them in a laboratory and make them out of stem cells. They have been struggling with the development of the organs and the progress has been slowed. Other scientists have another theory in how to create a fully functioning organ. They think that everyone should let nature take over and let evolutions happen. Evolutions has helped cells adapt to outside environments and turned our cells into complex molecules that help us survive. The scientists also think that they could use an animal's’ kidney, liver, lungs, heart, and other organs that are useful to keep ourselves alive. Those organs can come from animals, like pigs, because they have somewhat the same kind of organs we have. The only problem that can occur during the operation is that, when you use transfer the heart from a pig, or another animal, our immune system will reject the transplant. People who have been studying about growing human

Xenotransplantation is something we don’t hear everyday. Xenotransplantation is a process where animal organs, tissues and cells are transplanted into humans for medical reasons. The most common animal to transplant organs into humans, with the most success, is a pig. It is a personal opinion whether or not xenotransplantation can help or hurt you. Before deciding whether to do the operation or not you will have to look at the pros and cons that are listed

The main concerns of the Commentary perspective were that although there are a lot of new strategies for cross-breeding; a pressing example would be a live organ donation which links the exchanges between extended families with recipient family members, live donation is only possible for paired organs like a kidney transplant. Beginning the search for other sources of replacement organs has expanded. The main concerns of the Attitudes toward Death perspective was the recognition that all living beings understand that both birth and death and may perhaps serve to relativize the request and/ or need for more organ replacements and that may help us to see what is at stake: on the one hand, there is a possibility of an additional lifespan for a given individual who has a lower quality of life and on the other hand, some intervention in the environment is necessary for all other living beings as well. The main concerns of the Animal Organs perspective were that the companies involved in the development of xenotransplants insisted that they are raising and willing to raise the animals in environments that were sterile as possible. Individual animals are then inspected and went through periods of quarantine before admission to the factory herd. The main concerns of the Risk Assessment perspective were that there may be a slight risk to present and future generations, or there might be tremendous risk to present and future generations, but it is rather hard to determine. The main concerns of the Religious Perspectives paragraph highlighted how successful xenotransplants would be about ensuring the quality of life that they give to recipients, how much human DNA is transferred to the animals and vice versa, and to what degree of suffering the process is understood to entail for all the animals

Xenotransplantation: a subject about which people hold strong contrasting views. Rare attempts have been made to transplant animal organs or tissues into human beings since the early years of this century. Curiosity surrounding the procedure known as Xenotransplantation has increased in the last few years because it is seen as one way of reducing the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Currently, this shortage strictly edges the potential of transplantation for treating human diseases. The worldwide requirement for organs is growing significantly. For example, in 2004, the United Network of organ sharing found that over 100,000 patients could have had an advantage from organ transplant, but only 29,000 were available. In 1963 Doctor Keith Reemtsma a surgeon who experimented with organ transplants. Thirteen chimpanzee’s kidneys were transferred into humans. Twelve patients survived for 60 days. One patient survived for nine months, so this option was considered a viable one.

The medical advances of donor organs and organ transplants have made incredible leaps and bounds in recent decades. Today we can grow stem cells from normal skin tissues, but there are still ethical arguments against the practice of using stem cells for medical procedures. Being able to produce these stem cells from our body tissues is a huge bound forward in medical advances. With that, it is possible to create an organ for the individual who needs it; increasing the organ's viability and ability to be used; ensuring there is no damage or contaminates from donor organs. Now of course even lab-grown organs have its list of ethical backlash that it has faced in recent years. Medical professionals and scientists are already growing organs

Everyday a new name is added to the list of 120,000 Americans in need of organ transplants. Science is evolving and is problem solving the organ shortage crisis, that kills an average estimate of 20 Americans daily. All these lives can be saved with the new medical innovation. Xenotransplantation is a fascinating medical breakthrough and a possible solution to resolve the organ shortage in America.

Transgenic animals have been tools of research for years. Some contest its ethical standing by arguing that the manipulation of animals for human benefit violates animal rights, treating them as property rather than living beings. As BBC news discusses, the patents placed on these newly created beings reinforces the concept of animals as property (BBC 2014). By treating transgenic animals as property, we inherently establish that not only do they not deserve rights equal or even similar to that of a human, but they are demeaned, maintaining minimal rights as were the different organisms from which the new one was created. In the event that a genetically modified creature maintains an intelligence equal to or even beyond that of a human, any attempt to use logic to reason the lower rights goes out the window. The dilemma then becomes how do we decide how much rights transgenic creations deserve. ADD MORE ABOUT OTHER ETHICAL DILEMMAS POSED. However, the bigger voices in the community have decided that their benefit to humanity outweighs any potential ethical dilemma, including the potential health risks posed to humans by the medical tools produced through transgenic organisms. Genetically engineered animals help generate nutritional supplements, create human transplantable organs, and assist with human gene therapy. Thus, in the context of medicine, genetically engineered animals are frequently (but not always) regarded as

The research and practice of Xenotransplantation has been around since the early 1900s, with doctors attempting to transplant organs from pigs, goats, lambs, or monkeys to humans (Biotech Learning Hub, 2011). Essentially, Xenotransplantation is defined as transplanting or grafting tissues and/or organs from one species to another species (PBS, 2000). Scientists and doctors around the world have been researching and experimenting for years on how to successfully complete this procedure without creating any risks for humans in the future. The main species scientists and doctors are now working with are pigs, for they are the safest species to use in their research since they found that they possess less risks for viruses compared to other species

For years, scientist have been trying to successfully conduct xenotransplantation, however it did not show promising results. Animals such as primate and pigs are the common animals used in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is where the organism of a transgenic animal with human organism is transplanted into a human body. On October 26, 1984, xenotransplantation took

Every year, millions of animals suffer through painful and unnecessary tests. Animals in laboratories all over the world live lives of deprivation, pain, isolation, and torture. Even though vast studies show that animal experimentation often lacks validity, leading to harmful human reactions, we still continue to use this method of experimentation, while many other less-expensive and more beneficial alternatives exist. Going beyond the issue of animal experimentation being morally wrong, this form of research is also hindering medical progress. Although the use of animals in laboratories is said to be necessary for the welfare and health of humans, people mistakenly believe that this immoral and unscientific method of experimentation is

Is it right to transplant someone else’s organ into another body who’s in need of one, is it wrong to clone other organisms to gain certain genes to benefit humans for survival. This has been a controversial topic for a long time now. People are arguing if it’s wrong or right to transplants other people organs from the earlier scientific development. Now there is a new issue about cloning, whether it is right or wrong to make a copy of an organism.

Physicians today are faced with a growing list of patients awaiting transplants for organs that have failed, but there are not enough donors to meet these needs. Countries all over the world have a “human organ shortage” and the waiting lists for organ transplants only seem to grow longer (Melo 427). In the United States 62,000 patients needed a kidney, liver, or pancreatic transplant in the year 2001. Xenotransplantation, which refers to the transplantation of organs, cells, or tissues from animal species into human beings, has been heralded as a promising technology that will help us save more lives and lessen the dire shortage of transplantable organs.

The possibility of transplanting organs and tissue between species has long been a fantasy for many researchers, scientists, doctors and patients. Xenotransplantation has been traced back to the 1700’s when doctors tried to replace failing human organs with the organs from pigs, goats, lambs or even monkeys, however all of these attempts have failed. Pig insulin was also used to treat diabetics in the 1930’s (PBS, 2017). As a result of these consecutive failed attempts doctors were forced to abandon the ideas of xenotransplantation. Since then, medical professionals have uncovered why these transplants were failing, allowing the process to be revisited. If done correctly, xenotransplants can offer countless of individuals another chance at life, however many still believe that xenotransplants are not a viable alternative and pose a greater risk as they age. Xenotransplants have been commonly used for organ transplantation (replacing disease riddled organs), cell transplants (replacing damaged cells or destroyed cells caused by disease e.g. Alzheimer's), tissue transplants (skin grafts, cornea and bone transplants) and bridging transplants (provides organ function externally). The debate of xenotransplants continues to grow; both an ethically controversial topic and still in need of new findings in relation to the immune system. The student learning intended in this analysis is the discussion of benefits and/or harmful effects of chemicals that human beings use (C12.1).