What Are Proteins

Proteins are the metabolic workhorses of the cell; they engage in a variety of essential activities ranging from enzymatically catabolizing macromolecular food sources to serving as structural components that maintain cell stability. Maximizing protein function relies on intricate non-covalent interactions occurring on the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels that help determine the overall shape of the protein. In their native states, proteins will assume the most energetically favorable configuration. Occasionally however, cells are exposed to exogenous disruptions such as heat stress. Heat Stress can compromise protein three-dimensional structure. Hydrophobic residues tend to be buried in the interior of the protein but when

Proteins are biological macromolecules which consist of a chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, which can either be alpha-helix or beta-pleated secondary structures. Amino acids are the monomer of proteins formed of a carboxyl group and an amino group, which are coded for by DNA. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is formed by nucleotides which form phosphodiester bonds between them and codes for protein. The DNA is transcribed by mRNA and then translated by tRNA when read in triplet anticodons, which then forms an amino acid, followed by forming proteins. This is simply background information about how proteins are formed, and what allows the monomers of it to exist.

Proteins consist of chains of smaller compounds called amino acids, they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and usually sulfur atoms. Enzymes, antibodies, and the myoglobin are examples of proteins (American Heritage: Student Science Dictionary 272). Protein is a straight chain of amino acids. You need protein to survive (Rader).

Proteins are necessary for growth and repair of body tissue and 4 calories of energy from each gram of protein. Carbohydrates, which are the most accessible form of energy, have the same ration of calories to energy

Protein plays an important roll in our bodies. It helps to build and repair body tissue, keeps us energized and helps us fight off infections , make up eighteen percent of an adults body weight, and participate in every body function. That’s just five of many reasons why protein is important to each individual. You can have to much protein or not enough protein in your body. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Hundreds of amino acids come together to form a protein. Proteins are sixteen percent nitrogen and is the primary source of nitrogen in the diet also carrying small resources

Each of these molecules are necessary to complete specific functions in the human body. Firstly, when starch is consumed, it is broken down into glucose monomers. These monomers of glucose are then used to maintain a constant blood sugar level during exercise. Simple sugars are used for the same purpose. However, they have a more immediate impact on blood sugar levels because they do not require being broken down into individual monosaccharides; they can immediately be sent to the bloodstream (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/). Fat is also very important to the human diet because of multiple reasons. For example, fat is used as a long term energy source. Although carbohydrates are used as a quick source of energy, a much larger amount of fat can be stored: up to 9 kilograms. Fat is also used in order to preserve body heat and to protect organs (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/). Finally, protein is responsible for a massive amount of functions within the human body. To list a few, they are the building blocks of many tissues, enzymes, and are also used to help transport oxygen on red blood cells (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/). Protein is also important for the growth of children, and can be found in every single cell of the human body

Carbohydrates are classified as simple or complex carbohydrates. Many dairy products like eggs and milk, meat, legumes such as beans, nuts, some cereal products are great sources of protein. Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. Proteins serve as hormones and a source of energy. They allow the body to move, protect it against infection and disease and regulate important chemical reactions needed for life. Lipids consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They include solid fats and liquid oils. Lipids are important to the human body because they provide energy in which are necessary to the maintenance and development of the nervous and reproductive system. Plant-based foods such as nuts (peanuts, almonds, pecans, and pistachios) are great example of lipids. Lipids also contain animal-based foods like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products like milk, cheese, and butter. Water is the four and final macronutrient class. Water is extremely essential for life, without life would be nonexistence. The water molecule is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms and makes up over half of the total human body weight. Everyday humans consume water either through foods they

One reason I chose proteins is because proteins are building blocks. Proteins make up hair nails, bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. Proteins also make up the building of DNA, cell membranes, hormones, receptors, brain chemicals, and many other molecules in the body. The building blocks of proteins are nitrogen-containing molecules called amino acids. Proteins are also an important compound of DNA.

As stated on Wikipedia proteins are large biomolecules, these are any molecule that is present in living organisms such a carbohydrates , or macromolecules which are molecules that are a necessity for life which includes carbohydrates also. Proteins consist of one or more long chains of amino acid. Amino acids are acids that help break down the food we eat to make it into another type of protein, there are many different names of amino acids. The basic strain of proteins is made up of amino acids and peptides. There are 3 different types of protein structures; primary, secondary and tertiary.

Proteins are important as they function as enzymes, which are specific and increase the rate of chemical reactions. They are involved in the metabolism and are involved in the creation production of DNA.(Bairoch 2000) Many proteins are involved in the process of cell signaling and transportation of molecules for example ferritin which gathers iron for storage in the liver is a protein. Antibodies which help to prevent infection, illness are made from protein. They bind antigens and destroy them. Hormones are such as insulin is crucial for the regulation of glucose in the body and parathormone is important for bone remodeling. These hormones are created by proteins in the body. Proteins are important for the development, maintaining and repair of body tissues and are the building blocks for organs, muscles, skin and hair. They make up the cytoskeleton which gives cells their shape and size.

Proteins plays a different role in the human body,from the hair, nails, and skin to having functions in chemical reactions within the cells, which possess proteins building blocks amino acids (p.61).

Proteins are an essential part of a healthy diet in the human body which help to stimulate growth and maintenance. They are made up of amino acids, which the body uses to make new protein for a huge variety of functions. Proteins work as a power source which is said to be the bodies tissue building blocks. Protein is needed to form blood cells. Protein assists in shaping the hair, nails and muscles which are the structural features of the body.

Carbohydrates give the body energy. As the body's main source of fuel, carbohydrates are needed for physical activity and organ function. All the cells in the body need carbohydrates to function. Carbohydrates are also important for intestinal health and waste elimination. Proteins are extremely important in our cells. Proteins are involved in almost all cell function. Every protein in the body is designed for a specific task. Proteins are used in structural support, bodily movement, and in defense against germs. Proteins vary in structure and in function. They are constructed from a set of twenty different amino acids and each protein has a distinct three-dimensional shapes.

Proteins are macromolecules that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins are polymers of molecules called amino acids. They are compounds that are made up of ( -NH2) on one end and then ( -COOH ) on the other end. More than 20 different amino acids are found in nature. All amino acids are identical in the regions where they may join together by covalent bonds. Some proteins are used to control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bones and muscles. Others transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight diseases.

The chemical structures and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and, Nucleic acids. Carbohydrates often known as sugars and are also known as an organic compound, its oxygen, carbon and, hydrogen. Carbohydrates are classified into three categories basically carbohydrates is sugar and is broken down into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and, polysaccharides. Also, cells attach carbohydrate molecules to proteins and lipids. Carbohydrates help us by providing our body with energy. The simplest are sugars, like glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose. Complex carbohydrates, like starch, are created of lots of sugar molecules joined together. Proteins are composed of amino acids ,we also use protein to make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals. Protein is a very important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, blood and skin. Along with fat and carbohydrates, protein is a "macronutrient," meaning that the body needs a large amounts of it. Protein also helps with growth of nails and hair and help repair tissue.