1- Consider steady- state conduction for one-dimensional conduction in a plane wall having a thermal conductivity k=50 W/m.K and a thickness L-0.25 m, with no internal heat generation. Determine the heat flux and the unknown quantity (blanks) for each case and sketch the temperature distribution, indicating the direction of heat flux. Case TI(°C) 50 T2(°C) -20 dT/dx(K/m) 1 -30 -10 70 160 40 -80 5 30 200 234n
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- Discuss the modes of heat transfer that determine the equilibrium temperature of the space shuttle Endeavour when it is in orbit. What happens when it reenters the earths atmosphere?1.77 Explain each in your own words. (a) What is the mode of heat transfer through a large steel plate that has its surfaces at specified temperatures? (b) What are the modes when the temperature on one surface of the steel plate is not specified, but the surface is exposed to a fluid at a specified temperature?As a designer working for a major electric appliance manufacturer, you are required to estimate the amount of fiberglass insulation packing (k = 0.035 W/m K) that is needed for a kitchen oven shown in the figure below. The fiberglass layer is to be sandwiched between a 2-mm-thick aluminum cladding plate on the outside and a 5-mm-thick stainless steel plate on the inside that forms the core of the oven. The insulation thickness is such that the outside cladding temperature does not exceed 40C when the temperature at the inside surface of the oven is 300C. Also, the air temperature in the kitchen varies from 15Cto33C, and the average heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the oven and air is estimated to be 12.0W/m2K. Determine the thickness of the fiberglass insulation that is required for these conditions. What would be the outer surface temperature when the inside surface of the oven is at 475C?
- 1.63 Liquid oxygen (LOX) for the space shuttle is stored at 90 K prior to launch in a spherical container 4 m in diameter. To reduce the loss of oxygen, the sphere is insulated with superinsulation developed at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's Cryogenic Division; the superinsulation has an effective thermal conductivity of 0.00012 W/m K. If the outside temperature is on the average and the LOX has a heat of vaporization of 213 J/g, calculate the thickness of insulation required to keep the LOX evaporation rate below 200 g/h.1.3 A furnace wall is to be constructed of brick having standard dimensions of Two kinds of material are available. One has a maximum usable temperature of 1040°C and a thermal conductivity of 1.7 W/(m K), and the other has a maximum temperature limit of 870°C and a thermal conductivity of 0.85 W/(m K). The bricks have the same cost and are laid in any manner, but we wish to design the most economical wall for a furnace with a temperature of 1040°C on the hot side and 200°C on the cold side. If the maximum amount of heat transfer permissible is 950 , determine the most economical arrangement using the available bricks.1.10 A heat flux meter at the outer (cold) wall of a concrete building indicates that the heat loss through a wall of 10-cm thickness is . If a thermocouple at the inner surface of the wall indicates a temperature of 22°C while another at the outer surface shows 6°C, calculate the thermal conductivity of the concrete and compare your result with the value in Appendix 2, Table 11.
- 1.37 Mild steel nails were driven through a solid wood wall consisting of two layers, each 2.5-cm thick, for reinforcement. If the total cross-sectional area of the nails is 0.5% of the wall area, determine the unit thermal conductance of the composite wall and the percent of the total heat flow that passes through the nails when the temperature difference across the wall is 25°C. Neglect contact resistance between the wood layers.A plane wall 15 cm thick has a thermal conductivity given by the relation k=2.0+0.0005T[W/mK] where T is in kelvin. If one surface of this wall is maintained at 150C and the other at 50C, determine the rate of heat transfer per square meter. Sketch the temperature distribution through the wall.GChoose the right answer 1. The temperature profile for steady hest conduction through a plane wall of constant thermal conductivity is a. logarithmic b. parabolic 2. A brick wall (k-0.75 W/mK ) transmits $02 of heat loss through another wall (k-0.25 W/mK, x-100 mm). If the temperature difference across both walls is the same, the thickness of the brick wall would be a.150 mm c. linear 6T b. 240 mm c. 300 mm d. 375 mm 3. The maximum temperature at the center of the solid sphere of radius R having heat generation q (W/m') is given by g'R +9R b. T, + 4k T+9R 6k d. T+9R 8k a. 2k C. 4. The internal thermal resistance of a solid can be ignored if the Biot number is less than a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 0.1 d. Fourier number 5. The ratio of heat transfer of a fin to the heat transfer without fin is referred to as a. fin resistance b. fin efficieney efin effectiveness d. fin conductance.
- Consider a copper plate that has dimensions of 3 cm x 3 cm x 7 cm (length, width, and thickness, respectively). As shown in the following figure, the copper plate is exposed to a thermal energy source that puts out 126 J every second. The density of copper is 8,900 kg/m³. Assume there is no heat loss to the surrounding block. 126 J Copper Insulation Ⓡ What is the specific heat of copper (in J/(kg K))? J/(kg. K) What is the mass of the copper plate (in kg)? kg How much energy (in J) will be consumed during 11 seconds? J Determine the temperature rise (in K) in the plate after 11 seconds.1.29. Determine the thermal conductivity of carbon monoxide gas at 1 atm pressure and 93.7 °C. Ans 0.0299 W/m-K 1 102. In determining the thermal conductivity of a plateflat insulator, the temperature was measured on both sides of the 25 mm thick plate and gave the results of 318.4 K and 303.2 K. FluxThe measured heat is 35.1 W.m-2. Illustrate the problem in a simple schematic/drawing, then calculate the thermal conductivity inbtu/h.ft.oF and in W/m.K! (0.033 ; 0.058) 3. A coil-shaped cooling pipe is made of SS-304 material. This pipe is 1 ft long, 0.4 inch outside diameter, and inch inside diameter. This coil cooling pipe is used to cool the water in the bath. The temperature of the inner coil pipe is 40oF while the outer coil in contact with water is 80oF. The thermal conductivity of SS-304 is a function of temperature where k(T) = 7.75 + (7.78 x 10-3).T where k is in Btu/h.ft.oF and T is in oF. Calculate the rate of heat dissipation in watts! (1287.7)