1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female?

1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female?

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter37: The Endocrine System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14RQ: How would mutations that completely ablate the function of the androgen receptor impact the...

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C. Synthesis of sex steroid hormones D. Thickening of the lining of the uterus How will you explain why men produce higher levels of testosterone than women? Testosterone is produced only by male body for sexual maturity. Testosterone is necessary for normal sexual development of females. A. В. С. Testosterone play an important role in male traits and reproductive activity. D. Testosterone play an important role in female traits and reproductive activity. Address: Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City Telephone No.: (082) 2274726 - CID Office
3. Men with prostate cancer are sometimes treated with androgen receptor antagonists (i.e., anti-androgens). As a result, compared to other (healthy) men, men treated with these antagonists are likely to have... a. High levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone b. Low levels of GNRH, LH, and testosterone c. High levels of testosterone, and low levels of GNRH and LH d. Low levels of testosterone, and high levels of GNRH and LH e. High levels of GNRH, and low levels of LH and testosterone
1. Use the following scenario to answer questions: Stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors on ovarian cells by certain pituitary hormones promotes the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone using Gαs pathways. Suppose you are studying the release of estrogen from cultured ovarian cells exposed to pituitary hormones. What effect would the following conditions have on estrogen release in response to the pituitary hormones? Genetic deletion (knockout) of Gα along with overexpression of constitutively active PKA would result in (hint: think of epistasis experiments) Answers: a. No change in estrogen release b. Increased release of estrogen c. Decreased release of estrogen d. Can not be determined 2. Imagine that you knocked out the gene encoding the anaphase inhibitor (securin) in a population of fission yeast. Would you expect these yeast cells to be smaller than normal, longer than normal or normal-sized? a. Smaller…
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