1. If a simple model of the macro economy is made in which the Marginal Propensity to spend is 0.65, a) What is the multiplier? b) By how much would the equilibrium national income change if autonomous consumption falls by 125?
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- 1.Show the relationship between short-run MC and MPL both mathematically and graphically.1. Suppose the households in a hypothetical economy has the following consumption function C= a + cYd. Where is the disposable income. The government in this economy imposes a tax rate of to households’ income (ex. A means that 10% of households’ income goes to tax payments). a. What is the equation that describes the disposable income of households? b. What is the Planned Expenditure Equation? Assume that government expenditure is exogenous and Investment function is given by the equation I = I-br Where is the interest rate. c. Derive the equilibrium output in the goods market and show that the multiplier in this model is 1/1c(1-t). d. How does and the tax rate affects this multiplier (e.g., what happens to multiplier if c increases cet.par. , or if tax rate increases, cet.par)?2. Consider an economy that is characterised by the following set of equations: C co + c¡Yp Yp Y – T I bo + bịY Government spending (G) and taxes (T) are constant. Note that investment (1) is proportional to output (Y). a) Solve for equilibrium output. b) Using your answer derived in (a) identify and discuss the multiplier. How does the relation between investment and output affect the value of the multiplier? c) For the multiplier to be positive what condition must be satisfied? Please note: The two questions are equally weighted in terms of marks. To help explain your answers and analysis, you should always attempt to use diagrams, mathematical demonstration where applicable and convey the economic intuitions behind the results. Do not forget to label your graphs. Key Marking criteria will include: • Initiative: Originality, innovativeness of answer • Assignment Structure: Clarity of aims, objective, structure and presentation • Quality of Writing: Readability and ability to convey…
- 23) If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8 and if government spending (G) rises by $50 while investment (1) falls by $20, by how much will equilibrium income rise? (Jika kecenderungan mengguna sut (MPC) adalah 0.8 dan jika perbelanjaan kerajaan (G) meningkat sebanyak $50 manakala pelaburan (1) jatuh $20, berapakah kenaikan pendapatan keseimbangan meningkat?) $12 $30 O $120 $150Given the following consumption function, C = 400 + 0.75YD,where C= consumption expenditure, YD = disposable income, Investment= $1200, Government spending = $1600,Exports = $500, Imports = $600, Taxes = $1200 and Potential GDP = $9000Choose corrcct optiona) Aactual output is less than potential outputb) actual output is zeroc) actual output is equal to potential outputd) actual output is higher than potential output. Suppose an economy is represented by the following equations.Consumption function C = 100 + 0.8YdPlanned investment I = 38Government spending G = 75Exports EX = 25Imports IM = 0.05YdAutonomous Taxes T = 40Planned aggregate expenditure AE = C + I + G + (EX - IM)a. By using the above information calculate the equilibrium level of income for thiseconomy. b. Calculate the value of expenditure multiplier. c. Suppose that government spending is increased by 5, what will happen to theequilibrium income level?
- 2. Consider an economy where aggregate demand AD consists of aggregate con- 1000 and government = sumption C 10+ 0.8Y, aggregate investment I spending G = 800. (a) = (c) (d) What is aggregate demand if aggregate income/output is 10,000? Why is the economy not in equilibrium in that state? Calculate the goods market equilibrium for this economy. (b) Assume that the government increases spending by 20%. Calculate the new goods market equilibrium. What is the multiplier for the change in government spending? Assume now that the country starts trading globally and has Exports and Imports. Assume that imports are given by Im = n Y, with n being the marginal propensity to import. (e) Explain why - with exports and imports - a increase in government spending (e.g., 20%) results in a smaller change in aggregate demand/income in equilibrium than without exports and imports. (You do not have to calculate the new equilibrium.)3. Suppose an economy had aggregate demand components with the following relationships: Consumption Spending, C-140 +0.60*(DY) Investment Spending, I-25 +0.15"Y Government Spending, G-0 Net Export Spending, X=0 Tax Collections, Tx = 0 a. What is the equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? b. If the Government decided to Increase G spending by 6, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? Page 2 bed tooing c. If instead the Government decided to Reduce Tx (taxes) by 10 (i.e., send checks to people), what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? d. If instead the Government decided to Increase G spending and Increase Tx (taxes) by 20, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)?3. For a closed economy, the following data is given: 50 + 0.8Y4 Consumption C %3D Investment I 70 Government expenditure G = 200 Transfer payments TR 100 %3D Rate of Income Tax t 0.2Y (a) Write the reduced form of equation for equilibrium income. (b) Find out equilibrium income. (c) What is the value of multiplier ?
- 2. In macroeconomic theory, total or aggregate spending is denoted by A and total or aggregateproduction of income by Y. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? A When A is greater than Y, there is disequilibrium and Y will tend to increase.B When A is equal to Y, there is equilibrium and Y will remain unchanged.C When A is less than Y, there is disequilibrium and Y will decrease.D When A is greater than Y, there is disequilibrium and A will decrease.4. Consider the economy is characterised by the following equations: C = co + C1YD T = to + tY t1 E (0,1) Y, = Y – T G and I are both constant. (a) Find the multiplier. (b) Does the economy respond more to changes in autonomous consumption (co), when ti is zero or positive? Explain your answer. (c) Now assume that taxes are lump sum (constant, i.e., T = T), but investment increases with output through the equation I = bo + bịY, what is the new multiplier? (d) Suppose that the parameter bo increases. If we call this parameter the "business confidence", how will equilibrium output be affected by increasing the business confidence? Will total savings go up by this change? Explain your answer.1.In Figure 1, when disposable income is 0, how much is consumption, saving, autonomous consumption, and induced consumption? 2.In Figure 1, when disposable income is 2500, how much is consumption, saving, autonomous consumption, and induced consumption? 3.In Figure 1, when disposable income is 4,000, how much is the consumption, savings, autonomous consumption and induced consumption?
