Activity 4. The CladogramDirection: With the cladogram below as a basis, answer the following questions inthe space provided.SkinshieldsTwoHornmoil bogsvih yaHornowi tarlA hypothetieal cladogram with taxadesignated as the letters O, A, B, C, and D.Retrieved from Kardong (2012)Fig.1. Which is the outgroup here? O, A, B, C, or D?2. Which is the sister of the group of D?3. Grouping A, B, and D together (excluding C) creates which kind ofgrouping?4. Which taxa share the characteristic of "skin shields"?5. What characteristic is homologous among A, B, C, and D? 306. Write down the taxa that would make a paraphyletic grouping.7. Write down the taxa that would make a monophyletic grouping.8. Which characteristic is absent in O but is a homologous characteristicamong A, B, C, and D?9. Which is a unique characteristic present in A, B, and C which is absent inD?10. Will grouping O, A, B, C, and D create a valid clade?

As per the honor code, we answer only answer three subparts at a time. Therefore, we are answering…

1. Which is the outgroup here? O, A, B, C, or D? 2. Which is the sister of the group of D? 3. Grouping A, B, and D together (excluding C) creates which kind of grouping? ntoristic of "skin shields"? absce buoz

1. Which is the outgroup here? O, A, B, C, or D? 2. Which is the sister of the group of D? 3. Grouping A, B, and D together (excluding C) creates which kind of grouping? ntoristic of "skin shields"? absce buoz

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYK

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Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.

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