10. Injecting antibodies from a human donor who is immune to a disease is ... A. natural active acquired immunity. B. natural passive acquired immunity. C. artificial active acquired immunity. D. artificial passive acquired immunity. E. none of the above 3
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- 1a. Toxoids and vaccines function similarly.A. TrueB. False 1b. Active immunity generally lasts longer than passive immunity.A. TrueB. False 1c. A fetus receives protection from the mother through active artificial immunity.A. TrueB. False 1d. A vaccination provides natural passive immunityA. TrueB. False 1e. Lymph nodes have several afferent and efferent vessels.A. TrueB. False 1f. Cell-mediated immunity involves:A. B cellsB. T cellsC. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Which of the following macromolecules usually act as the best immunogens? A. Carbohydrates C. Proteins E. none of the above 3. Which of the following is a central lymphoid organ? A. GALT D. bone marrow 4. Antibodies generally bind only a small part of a big molecule. What do we usually call the small part of the molecule that is bound by a particular antibody? A. target D. adhesion determinant 5. If "natural" antibody to the A and B blood group antigens were IgG, then hemolytic disease of the newborn could occur in the B. lipids D. nucleic acids C. spleen E. B and D B. thymus C. epitope E. antigenic site B. attachment site children of: A. O mothers and fathers. B. A mothers and A fathers. C. A mothers and O fathers. D. O mothers and E. none of the above. 6. The effector cells which carry out ADCC ("antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity") must express membrane-bound: A. Complement receptors C. T cell receptors E. CD28 7. Infants are susceptible to respiratory tract infections…22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cell- mediated immunity? a. The cells originate in bone marrow b. Cells are processed in the thymus gland c. The activation of cell-mediated immunity can be suppressed d. They are antigen presenting cells e. All of the above are characteristics of cell-mediated immunity 23. All of the following could be possibly target sites for antimicrobials to limit the possibility of side effects except a. peptidoglycan b. parasitic glycolytic enzymes c. ergosterol C. d. RNA polymerase DNA gyrase e. 24. Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT a. persistent infections b. a bacteria expressing new genes c. transduction of genes C. d. the turning off of the host cell's transcriptional and translational machinery e. the definite destruction of an infected cell 25. Due to your patient's opsonization of a bacterial cell with C₂B, which of following did NOT occur a. interference of the patient's secondary viral infection b. bacterial cell…
- 1. Match the following leukocytes (A-L) with the correct description (a-j). Each term should be used only once or it should not be used at all. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) A. Mast cells B. Neutrophils C. Macrophages D. Eosinophils E. Monocytes F. Dendritic cells G. B cells H. Helper T cells I. Cytotoxic T cells J. Basophils K. Plasma cells L. Natural killer cells can perform phagocytosis and they are the most abundant type of leukocytes in the blood. are found in various tissues and release histamine and other chemicals involved in inflammation. are cytotoxic cells used for the killing of parasites are transformed into macrophages when they enter tissues. are antibody-producing cells. belong to the specific immune system and can kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells. have receptors consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains _can kill pathogens by phagocytosis and present peptide antigen fragments on MHC molecules. are found in the blood and are involved in allergic reactions. are…1. Match each of the following terms (A-L) with the correct description (a-j). Each term should be used only once or it should not be used at all. A. Contact dermatitis B. Multiple sclerosis C. Chronic rejection D. Western blotting E. gp120 F. Protease inhibitors (a) (b) (c) (f) Se G. Hyperacute rejection H. Immunoprecipitation I. Rheumatoid arthritis J. gp41 K. Reverse transcriptase L. CCR5 can interact with CD4 on helper T cells. involves the transfer of proteins to a positively charged membrane. can be induced by small organic molecules that pass through the skin surface. can promote the conversion of RNA to DNA. requires the use some antibody-binding proteins. can be induced by EBV infection. is caused by the presence of pre-existing host antibodies. is characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle cells surrounding the blood vessels. is initiated by the binding of IgM autoantibodies to IgG in the blood. can inhibit the assembly of new viral particles.6. Match the example/scenario provided to the type of humoral immunity. a. active, naturally acquired b. active, artificially acquired mak c. passive, naturally acquired d. passive, artificially acquired Recent research has shown promise in the treatment of stomach cancer. Patients given a monoclonal antibody that binds to the cancer cells, elicits the immune response to kill the cancer cell. What type of immunity is this an example of? Timothy, a three-year-old, was playing on the playground when he picked up a piece of chewed gum an adult had thrown on the ground. The next day, he ran a fever and was vomiting which his mom attributed to him picking up of immunity is this an example of? the gum and eating it. Assuming this is true, what type In 1950-1960, a vaccine to combat polio was developed. Two types of vaccines were created, an oral vaccine that contained live attenuated (less disease causing) virus and later an inactivated polio vaccine. What type of immunity is this an example…
- 4. Which of the following statements about antibodies is incorrect? A. Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells. B. Antibodies target both bacteria and free viruses. C. Antibodies work against bacterial toxins by neutralizing them. D. Antibodies activate complement proteins through the classical pathway. Antibodies eliminate bacteria by perforating them directly. E.1. Antigens are made up of specific sequences of amino acids called ----- that determine their structure. A. epitopes B. multivalent sites C. paratropes D. constant regions 2. Which scenario best describes antibody cross-reactivity? A. A single pathogen with multiple epitopes is recognized by a multivalent antibody. B. Multipleepitopes are recognized by multiple antibodies C. A single epitope is recognized by multiple antibodies D. Two distinct, but structurally similar epitopes are recognized by the same antibody 3. What is the major benefit of cross-reactivity? A. Cross-reactivity permits the allergic response. B. Cross-reactivity promotes a faster immune response against unrelated pathogens. C. Cross-reactivity enhances immunity by providing protection against related pathogens. D. Cross-reactivity allows the immune system to respond to pathogens in various locations within the host (i.e., skin, mucosal tissues, extracellular fluids, etc.)14. Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are: A. eosinophils. B. macrophages. C. neutrophils. D. B cells 15. T helper cells recognize which of the following? A. Exogenous peptide bound to class II MHC B. Native extracellular viral proteins C. Endogenous peptides bound to class I MHC D. Microbe-specific structures 16. How are cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells similar? A. Both require antibędy to be bound to the target cell. B. Both induce apoptesis in the target cell C. Both recognize peptide plus MHC class I. D. Both kill target cells lacking MHC class I. 17. Perforin and granzymes are used by which cells to kill target cells? A. CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells B. CD4 T cells and natural killer cells C. Natural killer cells and B cells D. CD8 T cells and natural killer cells
- body: a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity 17. ype of Immunity that is acquired in response to the entry of a live pathogen into the c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity Lifelong immunity to chickenpox is acquired through a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity 18. Antibodies injection is an example of a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity 19. On the other hand, vaccines to stimulate immunity is an example of: Active Artificial Acquired Immunity c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Naturai Acquired Immunity d. Active ÎNatural Acquired immunity a. C. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity Jomel was bitten by a stray dog. She was injected by antibodies and antirabies vaccine.3. Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called: A. antibodies B. immunoglobulins. C. gamma globulins D. acute-phase proteins 4. Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation? A. Body temperature B. Number of circulating leukocytes C. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 5. Acute-phase reactants are elevated in a patient's serum. What does this result, on its own, indicate about the patient? A. Inflammation of an unknown cause is present B. The patient has a leukemia but not a lymphoma. C. The patient has a bacterial infection. D. There is a parasiticfinfection and not a viral infection. 6. The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bound vesicle that contains: A. enzymes A. reactive oxygen intermediates. B. ingested pathogens C. perforin and granzymes. 7. Macrophages recognize target cells using which of the following? A. MHC class I molecules B. Toll-like receptors4. Describe what you think would happen (the end result – e.g. "detection of specific target protein", "non- specific detection", "no detection") in each of the following scenarios related to Western blots. You may assume that the remainder of the Western is performed appropriately. SC a. Blocker is omitted. b. Secondary antibody wash is omitted. c. Primary antibody is omitted. d. Incorrect substrate is added for detection.