10. Mice with the wild-type (nonmutant) Mc1r gene have light-colored fur. Which pigment is responsible for this coloration? 11. Using the information in the introduction on mutations and your knowledge of proteins, develop a hypothesis to explain how the changes in the MC10 protein's amino acid sequence might affect its funct

10. Mice with the wild-type (nonmutant) Mc1r gene have light-colored fur. Which pigment is responsible for this coloration? 11. Using the information in the introduction on mutations and your knowledge of proteins, develop a hypothesis to explain how the changes in the MC10 protein's amino acid sequence might affect its funct

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section13.5: Mutations

Problem 12LO: Give examples of the different classes of mutations that affect the base sequence of DNA in protein...

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1. Given that a faulty ribosomal protein is the culprit and causes DBA, discuss the possible role of normal ribosomal proteins. Why might bone marrow cells be more susceptible to such a mutation than other cells? 2. A couple with a child affected with DBA undergoes in vitro fertilization (IVF) and genetic testing of the resulting embryos to ensure that the embryos will not have DBA. However, they also want the embryos screened to ensure that the one implanted can serve as a suitable donor for their existing child. Their plan is to have stem cells from the umbilical cord of the new baby transplanted to their existing child with DBA, thereby curing the condition. What are the ethical pros and cons of this situation? 3. While a stem cell transplant from an unaffected donor is currently the only cure for DBA, genome-editing technologies may one day enable the correction of a mutation in a patient’s own bone marrow stem cells. However, what specific information would be needed, beyond a…
10. Protein expression can be blocked by antisense oligonucleotides. Which mechanism enables antisense oligonucleotides to block protein synthesis? O Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomes and inhibit their function. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to DNA in the nucleus and inhibit the synthesis o MRNA. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and inhibit ribosome assembly. Antisense oligonucleotides bind to messenger RNA (MRNA) and prevents mRNA binding to ribosomes.
A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand.What is true of this mutation's effect on the phenotype?1.It will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different.2.It will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.3.It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.4.It will not affect the phenotype because only the first amino acid is different from the original protein.
4e. You also study the expression of 3 different mutants for this gene. For each mutant answer the following: Does this mutation change the sequence of the protein produced? Why or why not? If it does change the sequence of protein be sure to write out the new sequence. If it does not change the protein sequence, what effect (if any) would you expect it to have on expression of the gene? 1 20 ORI 40 60 5'..TTCGAGCTCTCGTCGTCGAGATACGCGATGATATTACTGGTAATATGGGGATGCACTATC...3' 3'..AAGCTCGAGAGCAGCAGCTCTATGCGCTACTATAATGACCATTATACCCCTACGTGATAG...5' promoter
What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new varia tions of a trait? Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequece? Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? 2. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule Hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes these red blood cells to become stife sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels, causing poin ond increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart & lungs, and other conditions. Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed AND what type of mutation occurred Normal hemoglobin DNA A G TC Normal hemoglobin mRNA val• Hisolelo thr•proo Gll Normal hemoglobin AA sequence CA cGT AG A CTGAGG AC AC Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA Sickle cell…
1. Is the Homo sapiens phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene encoding a non-coding protein or an enzyme? What function does this protein serve? If necessary, you may include a mechanism.
1. Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 3’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 5’ a. What is the amino acid sequence based on this mRNA? b. A very important mutation in human hemoglobin occurs in this DNA sequence, where the T at nucleotide 20 is replace with an A. The mutant hemoglobin is called sickle cell hemoglobin and is associated with severe anemia. What is the amino acid replacement that results in sickle-cell hemoglobin?
5. A mutant strain of Salmonella bacteria carries a mutation of the rho protein t hat has full activity at 37°C but is completely inactivated when the mutant strain is grown at 40°C. (Question # 21; Chapter 8-Genetics: An Integrated Approach). Speculate about the kind of differences you would expect to see if you compared a broad spectrum of mRNAs from the mutant strain grown at 37°C and the same spectrum of mRNAs from the strain when grown at 40°C. Are all mRNAs affected by the rho protein mutation in the same way? Why or why not?
18) MUTATIONS: A. Explain the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation. B. Explain how the mutation (both a point mutation and frameshift mutation) might impact the production of proteins. C. Name one type of chromosome mutation and explain what it is.
6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…
19: What are 3 phenotypes of GA, or BR, or ABA, or CK over-producing mutants. 20: Think about a hormone receptor, specifically the structure of the receptor. Describe ONE why a mutation would cause insensitivity to the hormone, AND ONE way it could cause hypersensitivity to the hormone. Explain your answer to each. 22: Not all cells in tissues are the same. They differentiate from stem cells. Describe how ONE cell type acquires cell identity. (Pick any cell in the plant)
A gene affecting the behavioral outlook of individuals was discovered in several humans who can overcome anxiety caused by life's problems. Part of the gene that į translated into protein has a sequence 3'-GGATCCCGAATGTAATGCGTGCTC AATGGTAGTACGGC-5'. 1. What is the complementary strand of the DNA? 2. What is the sequence of the MRNA product after translation? 3. What is the sequence of the peptide encoded by the portion of the gene? (Use one letter symbol of amino acids)