Answered: 11. An investigator is conducting a… | bartleby

Ebk:Nutrition & Diet Therapy

Ebk:Nutrition & Diet Therapy

10th Edition

ISBN:9780357391747

Author:DEBRUYNE

Publisher:DEBRUYNE

Chapter14: Illness And Nutrition Care

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7SC

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11. An investigator is conducting a clinical study of the effects of ADH (vasopressin) on whole body fluid balance. The plan is to produce increased circulating concentrations of ADH. Following a
5% change from baseline, which of the following will be the most effective physiologic stimulus for increasing ADH secretion in this study?
A) Decrease in blood pressure
B) Decrease in blood volume
C) Increase in serum osmolality
D) Increase in fluid intake
E) Increase in hematocrit

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39. An investigator is conducting a clinical study of the effects of ADH (vasopressin) on whole body fluid balance. The plan is to produce increased circulating concentrations of ADH Following a 5% change from baseline, which of the following will be the most effective physiologic stimulus for increasing ADH secretion in this study? OA) Decrease in blood pressure OB) Decrease in blood volume OC) Increase in serum osmolality OD) Increase in fluid intake OE) Increase in hematocrit
39. An investigator is conducting a clinical study of the effects of ADH (vasopressin) on whole body fluid balance. The plan is to produce increased circulating concentrations of ADH Following a 5% change from baseline, which of the following will be the most effective physiologic stimulus for increasing ADH secretion in this study? OA) Decrease in blood pressure OB) Decrease in blood volume OC) Increase in serum osmolality D) Increase in fluid intake OE) Increase in hematocrit
3. In a normal frequency distribution of serum sodium concentrations, the mean is 141 mEq/L and the standard deviation is 3.2 mEq/L. Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of values in the interval between 137.8 mEq/L and 144.2 mEq/L? A) 25% B) 50% C) 65% D) 95% E) 99%
28. Which of the following is the likely mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of high blood pressure? A) Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis B) Stimulation of renin release C) Blockade of angiotensin II receptors D) Suppression of angiotensin II production
13. A decrease in atrial natriuretic peptide will result in which of the following? Extracellular Extracellular Fluid Volume Nat Content A) OB) OC) OD) 1 ↓ 1
51. A 38-year-old woman has a blood pressure of 120/72 mm Hg while supine and 118/78 mm Hg while standing. Which of the following changes in the autonomic nervous system, when going from a supine to a standing position, most likely maintains stable blood pressure in this woman? Vagal Afferent Activity Sympathetic Efferent Activity Parasympathetic Efferent Activity A) 1 no change B) no change C) No change no change 1 D) No change 1 A E) No change ↓ no change F) 1 no change G) ↓ O O O O O O O 1
1.) What are the most important extracellular and intracellular fluid ions and give the significance of each? 2.) What is the outcome of decrease Calcium ions in the body in muscle contraction? 3.) What is the normal body pH?
23. If a healthy person is given an infusion of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl), which of the following findings in plasma is most likely? OA) Plasma [ADH(vasopressin)] pg/mL 10 B) 5-E 0- DK 300 C 280 290 Plasma osmolality (mOsmol/L) O Control before infusion C) B 310 D) OE)
29. A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of lethargy. Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. The results of laboratory studies are shown: Serum Na+ CI- A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme B) Aquaporin C) 11a-Hydroxylase D) Renin E) Vasopressin receptors Osmolality Specific gravity Osmolality Urine 165 mEq/L (N=139-146) 130 mEq/L (N=95-105) 334 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N=282-295) 1.001 117 mOsmol/kg H₂O (N>200) He is admitted to the hospital. His urine output is increased. His serum ADH (vasopressin) concentration is 24 pg/mL (N=1-5); aldosterone and renin concentrations are within the referenc ranges. The urine osmolality remains unchanged after administration of 1-deamino-8-arginine vasopressin. An MRI of the brain and pituitary gland shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonograp shows normal kidneys. The most likely underlying cause of the findings in this patient is a defect in which of the following?
38. The cystometrogram was obtained by measuring the pressure within the urinary bladder of a healthy man during infusion of sterile water into the bladder. Increased firing rate of parasympathetic fibers and decreased firing rate of motor fibers in the internal pudendal nerve occur most often during which of the following intervals? OA) V to W OB) W to X OC) X to Y OD) Y to Z Pressure om H₂0 30- W 100 N 200 300 Volume (ml) Vesm 400 500
1. There is a medical condition called Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) secretion, which can occur as a result of head trauma. Patients with this condition retain water and present with a volume imbalance. A) Name the type of volume imbalance and accompanying direction of changes in ICF and ECF volumes and osmolality. B) Calculate the changes in osmolality and volumes of extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments if 3 liters of water are retained by a patient with SIADH. You can assume that the patient’s initial volumes were ECF=14 L, ICF=28 L. And his initial body osmolality = 290 mOsM. Remember that the total solute in the ICF compartment is kept in place by the cell membrane barrier.
50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased

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