14.6. Let us ignore mixed strategies. Asahi and Kirin are the two largest sellers of beer in Japan. These two firms compete head to head in the dry beer category in Japan. The following table shows the profit (in millions of yen) that each firm earns when it charges different prices for its beer: Kirin ¥630 ¥660 ¥690 ¥720 180, 180 178, 184 175, 185 173, 186 186, 173 194, 180 198, 190 196, 196 184, 178 183, 183 185, 175 192, 182 191, 191 190, 198 ¥630 Asahi ¥660 182, 192 180, 194 ¥690 ¥720
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- Think about firms such as the Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo who competeagainst each other in the monopolistically competitive market for soft drinks. Eachfirm produces a unique product, but each of these unique products is to some extenta substitute for the soft drinks produced by rival companies.Now imagine a situation where the firms within such a market are facing suchextreme competition that they are unable to make an operating profit. Characterisethis situation diagrammatically and explain what will happen to the market, payingparticular attention to the exit or entry of firms out of (or into) the market.3. Suppose Microsoft is selling the two products to the individuals below with their willingness to pay for each item as in the table. Suppose the costs of producing each item is $10 for both products. Find the maximum profit of Microsoft if it can sell with either unit pricing, pure or mixed bundle prices for these items. TIT Word Processor Spreadsheet Alice 20 10 Ben 40 30 Chris 80 70 Daniel 60 50Table 18-14 Suppose that two oil companies-BP and Exxon-own adjacent natural gas fields. The profits that each firm earus depends on both the member of wells it drills and the number of wells drilled by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Exxon Drill one well Drill two wells BP Drill one well BP Drill two wells Exxon's profit $10 million BP's profit $10 million Exxon's profit $6 million BP's profit $12 million Exxon's profit $12 million BP's profit $6 million Exxon's profit $8 million. BP's profit $8 million Refer to Table 18-14. Does BP have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac) BIUS Paragraph Arial 5 田田田园 10pt 89. M XX, 833 >>() ⒸO HE [+ V A AV ✓ Z X T 94 ΩΘΙ *** 68.88
- 3. There are two chicken fried steak restaurants operating in a small west Texas town: Cow Tipper Café and Steak to the Heart Diner. Once a month they have to send their new menus to the printer when they have to decide on whether or not to charge a high price or a low price for a chicken fried steak dinner. Once their menus are printed, they can't change their pricing. Since the two restaurants use separate printing companies, each restaurant's pricing decision remains secret until the printed menus are delivered. The payoff matrix for the restaurants is below; the first entry in each cell is Cow Tipper Café's daily profit and the second entry is Steak to the Heart Diner's daily profit. Cow Tipper Café High Price Low Price Steak to the Heart Diner Low Price $350, $300 $450, $400 High Price $500, $350 $375, $475 a. What market structure do these two firms operate in? Explain your answer. b. If Steak to the Heart Diner chooses a high price, what pricing option is better for Cow Tipper…1. Tom Jackson has been running a successful steakhouse that specializes in serving upscale steak dinners. His current marketing campaign targets residential households. Recently, it was announced that a new conference hotel was to open near his steakhouse, bringing in many potential business customers. Speculation followed that Morton's steakhouse-an upscale steakhouse chain currently marketing to business customers nationallywas considering opening one of its restaurants near the new hotel and would therefore compete with Tom's restaurant. In light of the potential threat from Morton's, Tom began considering the possibility of making a significant investment to change his marketing campaign and target businesses rather than households. In doing so, he estimated the following profit outcomes (in thousands of dollars) resulting from the strategies that he and Mortons might implement: Morton's Marketing Target Enter Don't Enter -$200, -850 $50, $100 $105, $0 Businesses $90, $0 Тоm…14.6. Let us ignore mixed strategies. Asahi and Kirin are the two largest sellers of beer in Japan. These two firms compete head to head in the dry beer category in Japan. The following table shows the profit (in millions of yen) that each firm earns when it charges different prices for its beer: Kirin ¥630 ¥660 ¥690 ¥720 180, 180 178, 184 175, 185 173, 186 184, 178 183, 183 182, 192 180, 194 185, 175 192, 182 191, 191 190, 198 186, 173 194, 180 198, 190 196, 196 ¥630 Asahi ¥660 ¥690 ¥720 a) Does Asahi have a dominant strategy? Does Kirin? b) Both Asahi and Kirin have a dominated strategy: Find and identify it. c) Assume that Asahi and Kirin will not play the dominated strategy you identified in part (b) (i.e., cross out the dominated strategy for each firm in the table). Having eliminated the dominated strategy, show that Asahi and Kirin now have another dominated strategy. d) Assume that Asahi and Kirin will not play the dominated strategy you identified in parts (b) and (c). Having…
- Rawlding is a manufacturer in the oligopolistically competitive market for footballs. Two other manufacturers, Spaldon and Wilke, compete with Rawlding for football consumers. Rawlding faces the demand curve for footballs depicted on the graph. Initially, Rawlding charges $30 per football, producing and selling 7 million footballs per year. PRICE (Dollars per ball) 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 O 7 8 FOOTBALLS (Millions of balls) 9 10 G As an oligopolist, Rawlding is a price maker. If Rawlding raises the price of its football from $30 to $32 per ball, the quantity of Rawlding footballs demanded by million footballs per year. If Rawlding reduces the price of its football from $30 to $28 per ball, the quantity of by million footballs per year. (Hint: Click on the points on the graph to see their coordinates.) footballs demanded If Rawlding raises the price of its football above $30, the kinked demand curve model suggests that Spaldon and Wilke will respond by The portion of Rawlding's…Refer to the figure at right. Two firms operating in the same market must choose between a collude price and a cheat price. Firm A's profit is listed before the comma, B's outcome after the comma. If each firm tries to choose a price that is best for it, regardless of the other firm's price, which of these statements is correct? O A. Both firms should charge a cheat price. OB. Firm A should charge the collude price; Firm B should charge a cheat price. C. D. Both firms should charge a collude price. Firm A should charge a cheat price; Firm B should charge a collude price. Cheat Price Firm A Firm B Cheat Price Collude Price Collude Price 18, 18 6,30 30,6 24, 24There is much evidence that large firms with considerable market power (firms such asmonopolies) may not maximize profits but may pursue quite different objectives such asgrowth or sales revenue maximization. What are the arguments put forward to defendmonopoly? Name any 5 Generally, the aim of a business is to maximize profit. Which point should a firm operateat in order to achieve maximum profit? By making use of a graph indicate clearly the pointat which a firm makes maximum profit and a point where a firm increase their output inorder to enhance profit as well as well as the points where they should reduce theirproduction if they want to enhance profit
- 3. Discuss the long debate of economists whether there is a significant loss of well-being to society in markets that are monopolistically competitive rather than perfectly competitive3. Is monopolistic competition efficient? Suppose that a firm produces tennis racquets in a monopolistically competitive market. The following graph shows its demand (D) curve, marginal revenue (MR) curve, marginal cost (MC) curve, and average cost (AC) curve. Assume that all firms in the industry face the same cost structure. Place the tan point (dash symbol) on the graph to indicate the long-run monopolistically competitive equilibrium price and quantity for this firm. Next, place the purple point (diamond symbol) to indicate the point at which this firm would produce in the long run if it operated in a perfectly competitive market. Note: Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. 100 8 PRICE, COSTS, AND REVENUE (Dollars per racquet) 80 70 R 40 30 20 10 C D D 10 Under... MR 30 40 50 70 QUANTITY (Thousands of racquets) Monopolistic Competition Perfect Competition D Average Cost (Dollars per racquet) 60 55 90 Compare the average cost and the production level in the…The most important factor that drives the long-run profit to zero in monopolistic competition is the elasticity of the market demand curve the elasticity of the firm's demand curve free entry and exit O the reaction of rival firms to a change in price What is one difference between the Cournot and Stackelberg models? O In Cournot, both firms make price decisions simultaneously, and in Stackelberg, one firm sets its price level first O In Stackelberg, both firms make price decisions simultaneously, and in Cournot, one firm sets its price level first O In Cournot, both firms make output decisions simultaneously, and in Stackelberg, one firm sets its output level first O In Stackelberg, both firms make output decisions simultaneously, and in Cournot, one firm sets its output level first O Profits are zero in Cournot and positive in Stackelberg