19.19) Two submarines are on a head-on collision course during maneuvres in the North Atlantic. The first sub is moving at 20.2 km/h and the second at 94.6 km/h. The first submarine sends out a sonar signal (sound wave in water) at 1030 Hz. Sonar waves travel at 5470 km/h. (a) The second sub picks up the signal. What frequency does the second sonar detector hear? (b) The first sub picks up the reflected signal. What frequency does the first sonar detector hear? See the figure below. The ocean is calm; assume no currents. 20.2 km/h 94.6 km/h

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Shock Waves

Shock waves are common in continuum mechanics, and their dominance is attributable to the fact that they are stronger (or even less) compressible. Substantial perturbations propagated as sudden dynamic changes of a compressible medium supersonically. Shock waves are all around us in our daily lives. Lightning, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impact all produce them in nature. Even the earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, generates a shock wave as in solar wind that travels around 20 Earth radiuses. These shock waves might be either constant, linked to the body, or unsteady, i.e., moving around with time. All of the shocks mentioned above can be damaging, so precautions must be taken to reduce their impact.