2. With respect to data warehouses, databases, and files, which of the following statemen is (are) true? 2. A database system consists of the database, the DBMS, and the application programs that access the database through the DBMS. b. A problem with databases is data inconsistencies because the same data is stored in two or more master files. c. Data mining is using queries to investigate hypothesized relationships among data d. A data warehouse is one or more very large databases containing both detailed and summarized data for a number of years. e. Data sharing refers to data and the programs that use them being independent of each other; each can be changed without changing the other. 3. With respect to data warehouses, databases, and files, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? a. Cross-functional analysis refers to combining master files into larger pools of data so more application programs can access the data. b. To avoid outdated, incomplete, or erroneous data, management needs policies and procedures that ensure scrubbed data. c. In the master file approach, data is an organizational resource used by and managed for the entire organization, not just the originating department. d. Data warehouses complement transaction processing databases by providing support for strategic decision making. e. OLAP is using sophisticated statistical analysis to find unhypothesized relationships in data. 4. With respect to data warehouses, databases, and files, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? a. While it is important to regularly back up transaction processing databases, that is not the case with data warehouses. b. The database controller (DBC) is responsible for coordinating, controlling, and man aging the database. c. Since strategic decision making requires access to large amounts of historical data. organizations are building separate databases called data warehouses. d. Data warehouses minimize redundancy, while transaction processing databases are purposely redundant to maximize query efficiency. e. Data validation controls that ensure input accuracy are one of the most time-consuming and expensive steps in creating a data warehouse. . With respect to databases and files, which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? a. A DBA can change physical storage to improve system performance without affecting users or application programs. b. There is a record in the data dictionary that describes each file in the database. c. The DQL is used to change the database, such as creating, deleting, and updating records. d. A schema describes data elements and the relationships among them in a user's log cal view of the data. e. In file-based systems, programmers do not need to know the physical location and layout of records like they do in databases.