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- With regard to heterosis, is each of the following statements consistent with the dominance hypothesis, the overdominance hypothesis, or both? A. Strains that have been highly inbred have become monomorphicfor one or more recessive alleles that are somewhat detrimentalto the organism. B. Hybrid vigor occurs because highly inbred strains are monomorphicfor many genes, whereas hybrids are more likely to beheterozygous for those same genes.C. If a gene exists in two alleles, hybrids are more vigorousbecause heterozygosity for the gene is more beneficial thanhomozygosity of either allele.Among Native Americans, two types of earwax (cerumen) are seen, dry and sticky. A geneticist studied theinheritance of this trait by observing the types of offspring produced by different kinds of matings. Heobserved the following numbers:OffspringParents Number of mating pairs Sticky DrySticky × sticky 10 32 6Sticky × dry 8 21 9Dry × dry 12 0 42a. How is earwax type inherited?b. Why are no 3:1 or 1:1 ratios present in the datashown in the chart?A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body color andred eyes) is mated with a black fruit fly with purple eyes. Theoffspring are wild-type, 721; black purple, 751; gray purple, 49;black red, 45. What is the recombination frequency betweenthese genes for body color and eye color? Using informationfrom problem 3, what fruit flies (genotypes and phenotypes)would you mate to determine the order of the body color, wingsize, and eye color genes on the chromosome?
- . Tay-Sachs disease is a rare human disease in which toxic substances accumulate in nerve cells. The recessiveallele responsible for the disease is inherited in a simpleMendelian manner. For unknown reasons, the allele ismore common in populations of Ashkenazi Jews ofeastern Europe. A woman is planning to marry her firstcousin, but the couple discovers that their sharedgrandfather’s sister died in infancy of Tay-Sachsdisease.a. Draw the relevant parts of the pedigree, and showall the genotypes as completely as possible.b. What is the probability that the cousins’ first childwill have Tay-Sachs disease, assuming that all peoplewho marry into the family are homozygous normal?In a plant, fruit color is either red or yellow, and fruit shape iseither oval or long. Red and oval are the dominant traits. Twoplants, both heterozygous for these traits, were testcrossed, withthe results shown in the following table. Determine the locationof the genes relative to one another and the genotypes of the twoparental plants. ProgenyPhenotype Plant A Plant Bred, long 46 4yellow, oval 44 6 red, oval 5 43yellow, long 5 47Total 100 100Assume that in Figure 24.14, x equals the mean phenotype of theparents and y equals the mean phenotype of the offspring. Which linerepresents the highest heritability? Explain your answer.
- A cross between two pea plants, both of which grewfrom yellow round seeds, gave the following numbersof seeds: 156 yellow round and 54 yellow wrinkled.What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Yellowand round are dominant traits.)For all seven characters described in the data of Mendel allowed the F2 plants to self-fertilize. He found that whenF2 plants with recessive traits were crossed to each other, theyalways bred true. However, when F2 plants with dominant traitswere crossed, some bred true but others did not. A summary ofMendel’s results is shown to the right When considering the data in this table, keep in mind that theydescribe the characteristics of the F2 generation parents that haddisplayed a dominant phenotype. These data were deduced byanalyzing the outcome of the F3 generation. Based on Mendel’slaws, explain why the ratios were approximately 1:2As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep stocksof flies of specific genotypes. You have a fly that hasnormal wings (dominant phenotype). Flies with shortwings are homozygous for a recessive allele of thewing-length gene. You need to know if this fly withnormal wings is pure-breeding or heterozygous forthe wing-length trait. What cross would you do todetermine the genotype, and what results would youexpect for each possible genotype?
- In one study, Gregor Mendel crossed yellow-seeded, tall garden pea with a green-seeded,short garden pea. The F1 offspring were all yellow-seeded and tall. Assumingindependent assortment of these two genes, what phenotypes and proportions did he finamong F2 offspring when the F1 garden peas are allowed to fertilize themselves? Show the solution with punnett square.Three genes in fruit flies affect a particular trait, andone dominant allele of each gene is necessary to get awild-type phenotype.a. What phenotypic ratios would you predict amongthe progeny if you crossed triply heterozygous flies?b. You cross a particular wild-type male in successionwith three tester strains. In the cross with one testerstrain (AA bb cc), only 1/4 of the progeny are wildtype. In the crosses involving the other two testerstrains (aa BB cc and aa bb CC), half of the progeny are wild type. What is the genotype of thewild-type male?The pedigree below shows the transmission of albinism (absence of skin pigment) in a human family. u pru ub of breas 3. 3 7. 8. egytoneria durl ert olt bns Helodmye eelU 3alodmya aeU A. What is the likely mode of transmission of albinism in this family? Why? vtinobi 오모오9 nee shu B. Using allelic symbols of your choice, identify the genotypes of the male and his two mates in generation I. C. What is the probability that female Il-2 is a heterozygous carrier of the allele for albinism?
