3-methylhex-3-ene reacts with hydrochloric acid to give 3-chloro-3-methylhexane: H. H. H -CI 'CI 1. Is this an addition or a substitution reaction? 2. Does the starting material 3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene, have any geometric isomers? 3. Select the correct polarity of the HCl molecule 4. What is the correct rotation for the product, 3-chloro-3-methylhexane?
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- What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Distinguish between normal and branched hydrocarbons. What is an alkane? What is a cyclic alkane? What are the two general formulas for alkanes? What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in alkanes? What are the bond angles in alkanes? Why are cyclopropane and cyclobutane so reactive? The normal (unbranched) hydrocarbons are often referred to as straight-chain hydrocarbons. What does this name refer to? Does it mean that the carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon really have a linear arrangement? Explain. In the shorthand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. How do you determine the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon in a ring structure?Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.C. cyclohexyl alcohol D. isoamyl alcohol 38. An aromatic ring should satisfy Huckel's rule, wherein the number of electrons participating in the cyclic conjugation should be equal to 4n +2. Which of the following cyclic structures does NOT obey Huckel's rule? A. Cyclobutadienyl dianion B. Tetrahydrofuran ring C. Pyrimidine ring structure D. Cyclopropene structure 39. Why is ethanal incapable of forming a hydrogen bond with another ethanal molecule despite exhibiting a bond dipole in the C=O bond? A. The oxygen atom is partially reactive due to the strong bond dipole. B. The carbon atom does not form a highly polar bond with hydrogen. C. The oxygen atom is sp2 hybridized with almost 67% p character. D. Oxygen exhibits resonance with carbon leading to bond stability. 40. What is the role of H+ ions in the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols using hydrogen halides? A. Protonation of -OH group B. Stabilization of carbocation C. Activation of oxygen radical D. Removal of an alkyl group…
- 13. Ethylethanoate and butanoic acid can be classified as A. positional isomers B. chain isomers C. functional isomers D. stereoisomers 14. Which of the following pairs are positional isomers A. trans-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, cis-1,3-dichlorocyclopentane B. trans 1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, cis-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane C. 2-pentanol, Cyclopentanol D. 1,2-cycohexanediol, 1,3-cycohexanediol 15. Which of the following compounds will have zero dipole moment? A. cis-1,2-dibromoethylene B. 1,1-dibromoethylene C. trans-1,2-dibromoethylene D. all of these 16. Which of the following is not aromatic: A. cyclopentadienyl cation B. cyclopentadienyl anion C. Cyclopropenyl cation D. Cycloheptatrienyl cation 17. Which of the following compounds containing lone pair has the least tendency to donate its electrons? A. the lone pair in pyridine B. the lone pair in furan C. the lone pair in pyrole D. the lone pair in thiophene7. C=C. A hydrocarbon that contains a -C=C- or the above group. Oa. addition reaction Ob. aliphatic compound C. alkene Od. alkyne e. aromatic hydrocarbon f. hydration g. hydrogenation h. monomer i. phenyl group j. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Ok. polymer O1. unsaturated hydrocarbon6. Briefly identify the important differences between an alkene and an alkyne. How are they similar? A. The alkene (CH3)2CHCH2CH=CH2 is named 4-methyl-1-pentene. What is the name of (CH3)2CHCH₂C=CH? B. Do alkynes show cis-trans isomerism? Explain.
- Which among the following compounds has the most electronegative carbon in structure? a. benzaldehyde b. benzene c. cyclobutane d. butyne The radical substitution reaction is primarily observed in the following reactions. Which reaction is it? a. Oxidation of but-2-ene b. Boiling of hex-3-ene c. Chlorination of butane d. Combustion of methane Which among the following statements is FALSE about alkanes and cycloalkanes? a. all alkanes produce CO2 and water vapor upon complete combustion b. alkanes undergo substitution reactions c. the empirical formula of all alkanes is CnH2n+2 d. cyclic alkanes exhibit bond strain in the sp#-sp# sigma bondsWhy does benzene undergo substitution reactions, but not addition reactions? Select one: O A. Addition to benzene encounters more steric hindrance than substitution. O B. Addition reactions destroy the stable aromatic ring of benzene, while substitution reactions preserve it. OC. A benzene molecule has three distinct C=C's that are conjugated with each other. This conjugation blocks any addition that tries to occur. OD. Addition reactions produce a more unstable carbocation intermediate than substitution reactions. US ☐ Mar 16 6:23which of the following compound has gauche as it stable conformer? a. 1, 2- dicloroethane b. n- butane c. n- propane d. 1,2- dihydroxyethane which other factor along with torsion decide the stability of conformer?a. intermolecular hydrogen bonding b. intramolecular hydrogen bonding c. coordinate bonding d. ionic bonding
- 1. Identify the SYSTEMATIC name of the aliphatic hydrocarbon a. 1-pentenyicyclopentane b. 1-cyclopentylpent-2-yne c. 1-pentenecyclopent-2-yne d. 1-pentenyicyclopentane 2. Identify the SYSTEMATIC name of the aliphatic hydrocarbon a. Trans-1,2-propylcyclopropane b. Trans-1,2-diisopropylcyclopropane c. Cis-1,2-propylcyclopropane d. Cis-1,2-diisopropylcyclopropane 3. Identify the SYSTEMATIC name of the aliphatic hydrocarbon 3,10-dimethyl-2-decacen-6-yne 3,10-dimethyl-2-dodocen-6-yne 3,10-dimethyl-10-decacen-6-yne d. 3,10-dimethyl-10-dodocen-6-yne a. b. C. 4. Identify which type of isomer the following structures represent HO a. Skeletal Isomer b. E/Z isomer c. Cis/Trans isomer OH OH d. Positional isomer 5. Identify which type of isomer the following structures represent a. Skeletal Isomer Br b. E/Z isomer c Cis/Trans isomer Br d. Positional isomerWhy does benzene undergo substitution reactions, but not addition reactions? Select one: OA. A benzene molecule has three distinct C=C's that are conjugated with each other. This conjugation blocks any addition that tries to occur. O B. Addition reactions destroy the stable aromatic ring of benzene, while substitution reactions preserve it. Addition to benzene encounters more steric hindrance than substitution. OC. O D. Addition reactions form a more unstable carbocation intermediate than substitution reactions.Constitutional isomers are compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. They are different compounds with different physical and chemical properties.a. Rearrange your model of n-hexane to make as many possible isomers of C6H14 as you can. Draw the structural formula and write down the IUPAC name for each isomer that you make.b. Constitutional isomers can also have different functional groups. Make all possible isomers of C3H8O. Write down the structural formulae and IUPAC names for all the compounds you make. Hint: Consider alcohol and ether functional groups.