3. Assume that ACME Products operating in perfectly competitive input and outpat markets produces output with the following production function: (In(x)) (potentially helpful: For y = In(x), dy 1 dx X == Also In(e*)=x and e =X) q= In(K) + In(L) with TC= wL+vK a. Derive the firm's cost minimizing input demand functions. Explain, in words, why it would not be appropriate to use this labor C
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- 1. Consider the perfectly competitive market for guitar tuners. The mar- ket price for a guitar tuner is $20 and the cost functions are: TC (q) = .01q² + .2q + 4950 %3D MC (q) = .02g +.2 (a) Find the profit-maximizing quantity of guitar tuners produced by a firm in this market. (b) Calculate the profit each firm will earn in this market (c) Graphically depict the firm's profit-maximization problem. (note: this doesn't need to be to scale but should accurately reflect the sign of the profit) (d) Will firms enter into this market in the long run? (e) Graphically show how the price will change as the market pro- gresses towards a long-run equilibrium. (There's no need to find the exact long-run equilibrium price. Just follow similar steps to what we did in class)7. Assume that the marginal cost curve is given by mc(q) = 100 + 2q. (a) If the price is $160, what is the optimal production for the firm? What if the price is $120? (ignore the shut-down decision for this part) (b) Assuming that the market is cleared at $160 (no shortage/surplus). If the market demand is equal to 10,000 units of the product. How many firms are currently operating (n) in the market? (Hint: if the market clears qª = n x q°) (c) If the total cost curve is TC 256 + 100g + q², what's the average total cost curve? %3| what's the break-even price? (d) If the demand curve is given by qd = 8, 452 – p, what's the long-run equilibrium price, the equilibrium quantity and the long-run total number of firms (n) in the industry?b Now suppose Q = 2L +3K. Let the market price of L be w = 5 and the price of K be r = 4. Let both L and K can vary with production. Compute the input demand functions as a function of Q. (4 Points) c Calculate the marginal cost and average cost of the above function in subpart (b). Show them graphically. At what prices of textile will the producer shut down production. (3 Points) d Now suppose Q = 10LK. The market prices of inputs are as in subpart (b) above. Compute the input demand functions as a function of Q. Find the optimal production when the price of textile is $10 per yarn. (5 Points)
- A firm has a linear demand function for its product. When the price of the product isSh.220, the quantity demanded is 40 units. When the price increases to Sh.240, thequantity demanded becomes 30 units. In addition, the firm’s marginal cost function isgiven by:MC = 40q – 2q2 + 2Fixed cost = Sh.5 millionWhere q = quantity demanded, MC = marginal cost (Sh. million)Evaluate the level of output that maximizes profits.A company manufacturing laundry sinks has fixed costs of $100 per day but has totalcosts of $2,500 per day when producing 15 sinks. The company has a daily demand functionof q = 360 − p, where q is the number if laundry sinks demanded and p is te price ofa laundry sink. ) If production increases continuously, what is likely to be the average cost per sink? How many laundry sinks will the company need to produce in order to maximise it′s profits? What is the maximum profit?1. Suppose that the production function for a firm is given by the CES function q = f (z1, z2) = (z + z)/Y. Where z1 and z2 are the two inputs used by the firm. The inputs prices are respectively wi and w2 a. Set up the cost minimizing problem of the firm and derive the first order conditions for cost minimization b. Derive the conditional inputs demand functions for inputs 1 and 2 c. Derive the associated cost function for the firm
- 2. The market for a slice of pizza in Oakland is highly competitive. The market demand for a slice of pizza can be summarized by the function: D(p) = 1200 — 200p. Consider each pizza shop to be an individual firm with the 1 same cost function C(q) = FC + - q2, where FC represents fixed cost of renting a space from which to sell pizza, and the variable costs reflect the cost of the labor involved in producing and selling pizza. a. In the short-run (e.g. the six months following the signing of a lease for a space from which to sell pizza) determine the quantity each pizza shop would produce for any price in the market. b. In what way does your answer to part (a) depend on the fixed cost? Explain your answer in no more than two sentences. c. Suppose initially there are 100 pizza shops selling pizza in Oakland. Derive an expression for the short-run market supply for pizza. d. Find the short-run equilibrium price and quantity in the Oakland pizza market. How does this equilibrium depend on…Assume the following cost data are for a purely competitive producer: Explain: “That segment of a competitive firm’s marginal cost curve that lies above its average-variable-cost curve constitutes the short-run supply curve for the firm.” Illustrate graphically. How does this curve relate to the law of diminishing returns (Chapter 6)?The table above shows the total cost function for a typical firm producing hats in a perfectly competitive market. The market price for hats is $9 per hat. (a) Calculate the average variable cost of the fifth unit. Show your work. (b) What is the firm’s profit-maximizing quantity of hats? Explain using marginal analysis. (c) If the rent of the building the firm occupies increases, what will happen to the firm’s profit-maximizing quantity of hats in the short run? Explain. (d) Draw a correctly labeled graph showing the firm’s demand and marginal cost curves, and show the profit-maximizing quantity of hats, labeled Q*.
- 1. Let a firm’s cost function be c(y1, y2) = F + αy1y2 + y21 + y22, where α is some constant.a) What restriction on α is required to guarantee that this cost function exhibits economies ofscope?b) What restriction on α is required to guarantee that this cost function exhibits cost complementarities in both goods? Note that you’ll need to verify cost complementarities for y1 andy2.2. Given the industry demand function X(p) = 100 − 2p, consider the following scenarios:• The market is a perfectly competitive market. Assume there are identical firms with marginalcost of 12 in this perfectly competitive market.• The market is dominated by one monopolist with a marginal cost of 12. This monopolist isable to achieve 1st degree pricing.• The market is dominated by one monopolist with a marginal cost of 12, but the monopolistis able to achieve only 2nd degree pricing. Assume the menu offers only 2 choices:(Q∗1 = 30, p∗1 = 35), and (Q∗2 = 60, p∗2 = 20).• The market is dominated by one monopolist…1. Suppose the total cost to a firm of producing a quantity ą of some commodity is C(q) = 490 + 20q + 0.1q² dollars. a) Find the corresponding marginal cost (MC(q)) and average cost (AC(g)) b) Find the minimum average cost and the output level at which it is achieved c) Verify that MC(q) = AC(q) at this output level you found in section “b)". An electricity producer has a constant marginal cost of production equal to $40 per megawatt. The residual demand for its electricity is given by P (q) = a−bq, where P is the price and q is the quantity of power generated by this producer. The producer knows the slope, b, but he vertical intercept of the residual demand curve, a is unknown. Assume A and B are greater than zero. If you get stuck, you may answer any of the following questions for special case where a = 80 And b = 0.5 for partial credit. (a) What is the marginal revenue, M R(q), for this producer? b) What is the optimal q for this producer? (c) What is the electricity producer’s optimal price? (d) What is the electricity producer’s optimal bid in a uniform price Auction? e) Suppose b is equal to zero. Would the producer have an incentive to submit a bid above its marginal cost? Explain.