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- 16. How do Basilosaurus fossils provide clear evidence of evolution?5. Which of the following characteristics separate "Classic" (European) Neanderthals from Neanderthal remains outside of Europe (i.e., those from SW Asia and the Middle East)? an occipital bun a chin a sagittal crest stature a sagittal keel8. The outward appearance of forams is highly variable. Other than the forams' sizes, describe other features that are different between forams from the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods.
- Which of the following pairs of structures are homoplastic? a. the wing skeleton of a bird and the wing skeleton of a bat b. thewingofabirdandthewingofafly c. theeyeofafishandtheeyeofahuman d. the bones in the foot of a duck and the bones in the foot of a chicken e. the toes on the foot of a lizard and the toes on the foot of a human95.The stratigraphic range of cephalopods as a whole is Ordovician to Recent T F4. Bone probably first evolved to Choose a or b a. provide fish with jaws in order to be fearful predators. b. store calcium to provide strong muscle power when released to the bloodstream. 5. The earliest tetrapods first emerged from shallow water habitats Choose a or b a. around marine (salt water) coastlines. b. in freshwater swampy areas.
- 5. Using these fossils, fill in the following chart: Boisei Front tooth (incisors and canines) relative size (smaller/larger) a. b. Back tooth (premolars and molars) relative size (smaller/larger) C. Relative Brain size (smaller/larger) d. Sagittal crest? (Absent/Present) Mandible (Jaw-bone) robusticity? (Robust or Gracile)? e.1. a) List 5 distinguishing factors of reptiles and their similar characteristics to birds. b) How can you establish the evolutionary relationship between reptiles and birds? c) Amniotes are divided into three groups based on their skull morphologies. What are these three groups, and how do their skulls differ? Which living amniotes have originated from each of these three groups? 2. Fill in the table below. Compare the different orders within each class.71.The stratigraphic range of brachiopods is ordovician to recent T F
- 30. Class Aves evolved from Jurassic dinosaurs belonging to which of the following chordate groups? A. Class Chondrichthyes B. Class Reptilia C. Class Osteichthyes D. Class Agnatha E. Class Mammalia92. The phylogeny shows types of feathers below, and how early birds are related to each other. (a) Microraptor Sinornithosaurus Other dromaeosaurs Birds Origin of simple feathers За 3a+b If Microrapter had type 2 feathers, Sinosaurus had type 2 feathers, and other dromeaeosaurs had type 3a feathers, the most parsimonious explanation would be that: a. the common ancestor to Microrapter, Sinosaurus, and other dromeosaurs had type 3a feathers. b. the common ancestor to Microrapter, Sinosaurus, and other dromeosaurs had type 2 feathers. c. the common ancestor to Microrapter, Sinosaurus, and other dromeosaurs had type 1 feathers. d. the common ancestor to Microrapter, Sinosaurus, and other dromeosaurs had type 3a+b feathers. 276. Organisms classified as “birds” share a common feature. What shared derived character defined this taxonomic group? 7. What feature is present in all animals but is not present in birds and reptiles? 8. Reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes. I’m addition to an amniotic egg, the common ancestor of all reptiles, birds, and mammals had a thick epidermal layer of scales partially composed of a protein called keratin. Keratinized skin helps prevent water loss in terrestrial environment. A. what type (or form) of Keratinized epidermal structure represents the ancestral character state of all reptiles, birds, and mammals?