4. The three polaroid filters are arranged as shown below. The polarized light has an intensity of 240 [W/m²], and the polarization direction is parallel to the orientation of polaroid filter 2. If the light is incident sequentially from polaroid filter 1 to polaroid filter 3, what is the intensity of light after passing through the three polaroid filters? 30.0° O Polarizer 1 Polarizer 2 30.0⁰ Polarizer 3

4. The three polaroid filters are arranged as shown below. The polarized light has an intensity of 240 [W/m²], and the polarization direction is parallel to the orientation of polaroid filter 2. If the light is incident sequentially from polaroid filter 1 to polaroid filter 3, what is the intensity of light after passing through the three polaroid filters? 30.0° O Polarizer 1 Polarizer 2 30.0⁰ Polarizer 3

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter38: Diffraction Patterns And Polarization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 38.51P: Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of...

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The light incident on polarizing sheet P1is linearly polarized at an angle of 30.00 with respect to the transmission axis of P1 Sheet P2is placed so that its axis is parallel to the polarization axis of the incident light, that is, also at 30.0° with respect to P1 . (a) What fraction of the incident light passes through P1 ? (b) What fraction of the incident light is passed by the combination? (c) By rotating P2 , a maximum in transmitted intensity is obtained. What is the ratio of this maximum intensity to the intensity of transmitted light when P2 is at 30.0° with respect to P1 ?
In each of the following situations, a wave passes through an opening in an absorbing wall. Rank the situations in order from the one in which the wave is best described by the ray approximation to the one ill which the wave coming through the opening spreads out most nearly equally in all directions in the hemisphere beyond the wall, (a) The sound of a low whistle at 1 kHz passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (b) Red light passes through the pupil of your eye. (c) Blue light passes through the pupil of your eye. (d) The wave broadcast by an AM radio station passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (e) An x-ray passes through the space between bones in your elbow Joint.
You use a sequence of ideal polarizing filters, each with its axis making the same angle with the axis of the previous filter, to rotate the plane of polarization of a polarized light beam by a total of 45.0. You wish to have an intensity reduction no larger than 10.0%. (a) How many polarizers do you need to achieve your goal? (b) What is the angle between adjacent polarizers?
(a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a ring is completely polarized. Can the gem be a diamond? (b) At what angle would the light be completely polarized if the gem was in water?
Unpolarized light passes through three polarizing filters. The first filter has its transmission axis parallel to the z direction, the second has its transmission axis at an angle of 30.0 from the z direction, and the third has its transmission axis at an angle of 60.0 from the z direction. If the light that emerges from the third filter has an intensity of 250.0 W/m2, what is the original intensity of the light?
(a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00kW/m2 , a circular lens 0.200 m in diameter focuses light onto water in a black beaker. Two polarizing sheets of plastic are placed in front of the lens with their axes at an angle of 20.0°. Assuming the sunlight is unpolarized and the polarizers are 100% efficient, what is the initial rate of heating of the water in °C/s, assuming it is 80.0% absorbed? The aluminum beaker has a mass of 30.0 grams and contains 250 grams of water. (b) Do the polarizing filters get hot? Explain.
Part of the light passing through the air is scattered in all directions by the molecules comprising the atmosphere. The wavelengths of visible Light are larger than molecular sizes, and the scattering is strongest for wavelengths of light closest to sizes of molecules. (a) Which of the main colors of light is scattered the most? (b) Explain why this would give the sky its familiar background color at midday.
To save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor decides to coat them with a nonreflective material having an index of refraction of 1.20, which is between that of air and the surface of the plane. This, he reasons, should be much cheaper than designing Stealth bombers. (a) What thickness should the coating be to inhibit the reflection of 4.00-cm wavelength radar? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
(a) What is the ratio of the speed of red light to violet light in diamond, based on Table 1.2? (b) What is this ratio in polystyrene? (c) Which is more dispersive?
Three polarizing plates whose planes are parallel are centered on a common axis. The directions of the transmission axes relative to the common vertical direction are shown in Figure P38.51. A linearly polarized beam of light with plane of polarization parallel to the vertical reference direction is incident from the left onto the first disk with intensity I1 = 10.0 units (arbitrary). Calculate the transmitted intensity If when 1 = 20.0. 2 = 40.0, and 3 = 60.0. Hint: Make repealed use of Maluss law.
(a) Find the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a maximum for the smallest wavelength of visible light. (b) Would such a grating be useful for ultraviolet spectra? (c) For infrared spectra?
1. Horizontally polarized light is incident on a polarizing filter with an axis of polarization that makes an angle of 32° with the vertical. a. What percentage of the incident light is blocked by the polarizer? b. What angle should the polarizer make with the vertical to block exactly half of the incident light?