4.61 A wire of length 1 m and radius 1 mm is heated via an electric current to pro- duce 1kW of radiant power. Treating the wire as a perfect blackbody and ignoring any end effects, calculate the temperature of the wire.
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- Two long parallel 20-cm-diameter cylinders are located 30 cm apart from each other. Both cylinders are black, and are maintained at temperatures 425 K and 275 K. The surroundings can be treated as a blackbody at 300 K. For a 1-mlong section of the cylinders, determine the rates of radiation heat transfer between the cylinders and between the hot cylinder and the surroundings.A 2-m * 1.5-m section of wall of an industrial furnaceburning natural gas is not insulated, and the temperatureat the outer surface of this section is measured to be 80°C.The temperature of the furnace room is 30°C, and the combinedconvection and radiation heat transfer coefficient at thesurface of the outer furnace is 10 W/m2·K. It is proposed toinsulate this section of the furnace wall with glass wool insulation(k = 0.038 W/m·K) in order to reduce the heat lossby 90 percent. Assuming the outer surface temperature ofthe metal section still remains at about 110°C, determine thethickness of the insulation that needs to be used.The furnace operates continuously and has an efficiency of78 percent. The price of the natural gas is $1.10/therm (1 therm =105,500 kJ of energy content). If the installation of the insulationwill cost $250 for materials and labor, determine how long it willtake for the insulation to pay for itself from the energy it saves.A wire of length 7,6 m and radius 2,5 mm is heated by the electric current to the temperature 1019"C. treating the wire as a perfect blackbody and ignoring any end effects, calculate the radiant power of the wire in kW. Ответ:
- Thermal emission from forehead. Noncontact thermom- eters are used to quickly measure the temperature of a person, to monitor for fever from an infection. They measure the power of the radiation from a surface, usually the forehead, in the infrared range, which is just outside the visible light range. Skin has an emissivity & = 0.97. What is the total power (infrared and vis- ible) of the radiation per unit area when the temperature is (a) 97.0°F (a common early morning temper- ature), (b) 99.0°F (a common late afternoon temperature), and (c) 103°F (a temperature indicating infection)? ww 36.8In a foundry molten metal is stored in a large insulated crucible at 1800oC. To retain heat the crucible is fitted with a sheet steel lid. Assuming black body radiation with a shape factor F1 of 0.3 between the molten metal and the lid and a shape factor F2 of 0.6 between the lid and the room. Calculate the temperature of the lid. The temperature of the room can be considered a constant 27oC.Vantablack is the world's "blackest" object, which can absorb 99.965% of the 663-nm wavelength of light that strikes normal to its surface. Calculate the total heat flow in a sphere of radius r = 10 m made with Vantablack if the object is at 1000 K and the surrounding temperature is 300 K. Assume that the emissivity of the Vantablack to be 0.997. The value of the Stefan-Boltzman constant is σ = 5.67 x 10^-8 W/m^2·K^4.
- 2.A solar collector with an area of 1.5 m2 is installed on the rooftop of a house. Assume that the radiative encrgy amiving from the sun is 1000 Wm. The collector reflecis 10% of the enengy arriving on is surfice. Also, the collector is not perfectly insulated, and losses occur The collector has a heat transfer coefficient h of 2 Wmx The side arcas of the collector are assumed to be negligible. The ambient temperature is 20 °C and the collector is assumed to be at a temperature of 50 "c. Consider that this temperature is constant throughout the whole collector The collector is assumed to behave like a black body. a) What is the power output of the collector? b) What percentage of the total losses is caused by radiation?A diver 60 mm deep in 10∘C∘C fresh water exhales a 1.5 cmcm diameter bubble. What is the bubble's diameter just as it reaches the surface of the lake, where the water temperature is 20∘C∘C? Assume that the air bubble is always in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding water. Express your answer in centimeters.Fused quartz transmits 90 percent of the incident thermal radiation between 0.2 and 4 µm. Suppose a certain heat source is viewed through a quartz window. What heat flux in watts will be transmitted through the material from blackbody radiation sources at (a) 800◦C, (b) 550◦C, (c) 250◦C, and (d ) 70◦C?
- What is the wave speed inside a closed pipe if the temperature is 41degrees Farenheit? Answer must be in m/s. 3 decimal places.(a) Deter-nine the power of radiation from the Sun by noting that the intensity of the radiation at the distance of Earth is 1370 W/m2. Hint: That intensity will be found everywhere on a spherical surface with radius equal to that of Earth's orbit. (b) Assuring that the Sun's temperature is 5780 K and that its emissivity is 1, find its radius.A mercury thermometer still in use for meteorology has a bulb with a volume of 0.780 cm3 and a tube for the mercury to expand into of inside diameter 0.130 mm. (a) Neglecting the thermal expansion of the glass, what is the spacing between marks 1 apart? (b) If the thermometer is made of ordinary glass (not a good idea), what is the spacing?