4)r Consider an economy with 4 individuals: 2 of them are high school graduates and the other 2 individuals are college graduates. Assume that high school graduates earn $3 and $5 per hour while college graduates earn $7 and $9 per hour respectively. If we use variance as a measure of inequality, what is between group inequality, within group inequality and total income inequality in this economy? (Individuals are grouped with respect to their education level) Interpret the results.
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- A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $55,000, $30,000, $15,000, $20,000, $35,000, $80,000, $40,000, $45,000, $30,000, $50,000. Calculate the share of total income each quintile of this income distribution received. Do the top and bottom quintiles in this distribution have a greater or larger share of total income than the top and bottom quintiles of the U.S. income distribution for 2005?Suppose there is an economy where 80 percent ofpeople earn more than their parents and 40 percentend up in a different income quintile than theirparents. What measure of the income distributiondoes the first statistic tell you about? What aboutthe second?Canada had the following distribution of Income after taxes in 2006 Based on the information in the tables, which one is the correct Gini coefficient of income inequality? Deciles cumulative share of income Lorenz curve for after tax income in Canada 0% (2006) 1 0% 1 2 2%| 3 6% 0.8 4 11% 0.6 18% 0.4 26% 0.2 37% 50% 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 9 67% share of population 10 100% cumulative share of income equidistribution line O a. 0.47 O b. 0.43 O c. 0.42 O d. 0,44 O e. 0.23 O share of income
- A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $24,000, $18,000, $50,000, $100,000, $12,000, $36,000, $80,000, $10,000, $24,000, $16,000. Calculate the share of total income that each quintile receives from this income distribution. Do the top and bottom quintiles in this distribution have a greater or larger share of total income than the top and bottom quintiles of the U.S. income distribution?In season three of the TV show “The West Wing,”the federal government considers redefining thenational poverty measure in a way that wouldclassify an additional 4 million people as poor.The president worries that his administration willbe criticized for leading the country into greaterpoverty. Explain whether this change would havereflected a shift in an absolute measure of poverty,a relative measure of poverty, or whether it cannot be known. Finally, explain why all else equal,the president is not responsible for causing greaterpovertyA group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $55,000, $30,000, $15,000, $20,000, $35,000, $80,000, $40,000, $45,000, $30,000, $50,000. Complete the table. Income Quintile Share of Income $15,000 Bottom $20,000 $30,000 2nd $30,000 $35,000 3rd $40,000 $45,000 4th $50,000 $55,000 Top $80,000 $4000 is taxed from the top earner and transferred to the lowest earner Would this transfer increase, decrease, or have no effect on income inequality in this group? Redistributing income from the highest earner to the lowest one would reduce the utility of the top earner and increase the utility of the lowest earner. But what would happen to overall utility in the economy? Would it increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain your answer. (Hint: does the marginal utility of income diminish as one earns more?)
- A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $55,000, $30,000, $15,000, $20,000, $35,000, $80,000, $40,000, $45,000, $30,000, $50,000. Complete the table. Income Quintile Share of Income $15,000 Bottom $20,000 $30,000 2nd $30,000 $35,000 3rd $40,000 $45,000 4th $50,000 $55,000 Top $80,000 If $4000 is taxed from the top earner and transferred to the lowest earner, would that increase or decrease the share of income held by the top quintile? Would this transfer increase or decrease the share of income held by the bottom quintile? Would this have any effect on the 2nd quintile? The 3rd? The 4th? Would this transfer increase, decrease, or have no effect on income inequality in this group? Redistributing income from the highest earner to the lowest one would reduce the utility of the top earner and increase the utility of the lowest earner. But what would happen to overall utility in the…A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $55,000, $30,000, $15,000, $20,000, $35,000, $80,000, $40,000, $45,000, $30,000, $50,000. Complete the table. Income Quintile Share of Income $15,000 Bottom $20,000 $30,000 2nd $30,000 $35,000 3rd $40,000 $45,000 4th $50,000 $55,000 Top $80,000 If $4000 is taxed from the top earner and transferred to the lowest earner, would that increase or decrease the share of income held by the top quintile? Would this transfer increase or decrease the share of income held by the bottom quintile? Would this have any effect on the 2nd quintile? The 3rd? The 4th? Would this transfer increase, decrease, or have no effect on income inequality in this group? Redistributing income from the highest earner to the lowest one would reduce the utility of the top earner and increase the utility of the lowest earner. But what would happen to the overall utility of the…Consider the following table with individuals in a country and their incomes: Individuals Income 1 15 30 4 45 55 6 70 7 85 8. 100 115 10 130 Total 650 O The ratio of income received by the top decile to the bottom quintile is 3.5. O The ratio of income received by the top decile to the bottom quintile is 7.3. O The ratio of income received by the top decile to the bottom quintile is 4.3. O The ratio of income received by the top decile to the bottom quintile is 6.5.
- Questions Explain three methods of measuring the income inequality of a nation? Page 3 other 2 pages in the pic As in the case of income distribution, calculation of wealth distribution is done by different entities using different measurements, resulting in a disparity in outcomes. In fact, commonly, wealthis narrowly defined as financial wealth—namely, cash on handand the money value of tangible and nonliquid assets. Even justthe market valuation of financial portfolios is commonly used todefine financial wealth. However, some may extend the definitionto include the value of income streams and insurance rights that,for the most part, cannot be transacted or encumbered. Theseinclude Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. When suchtransfers and public assistance are included, the poor and manyelderly could benefit, reducing the wealth disparity (Galbraith2016). To obtain net wealth, the value of the debts are subtractedsubtracted from the value of the assets. Galbraith stated…Attempts Keep the Highest/1 8. Measuring income inequality Every year, the U.S. Census Bureau conducts an income survey of about 60,000 American families that are carefully selected to represent the whole population. The data collected are used to measure income inequality. Which of the following is a reason that census data may overstate income inequality? O Census data count all cash and noncash transfers as income. In-kind transfers, such as food stamps, Medicaid, and housing assistance, are not counted as income. O Census figures record after-tax rather than before-tax income.Question 12 The following income distribution data are for Lesotho: Quintile Lowest 10% Lowest 20% Second quintile Third quintile Fourth quintile Highest 20% Percent Share 2.2% 3.0% 7.2% 12.5% 21.0% 56.3% Explain how to find the Gini coefficient, graphically. (Hint: You might want to use labels on your graph). You should be able to draw a graph on your computer, save it as a graph, picture, or document, and upload that graph, picture, or document to your answer box. If you cannot do that, you can always draw a graph on paper, take a picture, and upload the picture to your answer box.