5. Supply-side effects Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve and short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve is represented by a vertical line at the potential GDP level of $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential GDP. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. PRICE LEVEL 120 100 M 40 2 Potential GDP AS AD 2 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) AD True or False Supply side economics is a short-rue, countercyclical strategy. Ofrue O False AS Potential GDP

5. Supply-side effects Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve and short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve is represented by a vertical line at the potential GDP level of $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential GDP. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. PRICE LEVEL 120 100 M 40 2 Potential GDP AS AD 2 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) AD True or False Supply side economics is a short-rue, countercyclical strategy. Ofrue O False AS Potential GDP

ECON MACRO

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337000529

Author:William A. McEachern

Publisher:William A. McEachern

Chapter11: Fiscal Policy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.8P

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Name some economic events not related to government policy that could cause aggregate demand to shift.
3. Suppose an economy had aggregate demand components with the following relationships: Consumption Spending, C-140 +0.60*(DY) Investment Spending, I-25 +0.15"Y Government Spending, G-0 Net Export Spending, X=0 Tax Collections, Tx = 0 a. What is the equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? b. If the Government decided to Increase G spending by 6, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? Page 2 bed tooing c. If instead the Government decided to Reduce Tx (taxes) by 10 (i.e., send checks to people), what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? d. If instead the Government decided to Increase G spending and Increase Tx (taxes) by 20, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)?
7. Supply-side effects Consider a fictional economy that is operating at its long-run equilibrium. The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD) and short-run aggregate supply curve (SRAS) for the economy. The long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) is represented by a vertical line at $6 trillion. The economy is initially producing at potential output. Suppose that fiscal authorities decide to decrease marginal tax rates. Assume that this change in marginal tax rates is perceived as a long-term change. Shift the appropriate curves to illustrate the supply-side view of the fiscal policy effect on output and the price level. (? 120 LRAS SRAS 100 AD 80 SRAS LRAS 40 AD 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL
5. Fiscal policy in the AD-AS model and the multiplier effect The following graph shows a hypothetical economy that uses the dollar as its currency. The economy is in short-run equilibrium at an output level of 300 billion and a price level of 60. Suppose that the economy's potential output is $400 billion. Use the purple line (diamond symbols) to plot the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve on the graph. (?) 120 SRAS 100 AD 80 SRAS 60 LRAS 40 AD 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 REAL GDP (Index numbers) This economy's output is potential output. To restore the economy to its potential, the government could use fiscal policy. PRICE LEVEL (Billions of dollars)
4. Suppose an economy had aggregate demand components with the following relationships: Consumption Spending, C=195+0.80° (DY) Investment Spending, I-25 +0.10°Y Government Spending, G-6+0.15*Y Net Export Spending, X-14-0.05*Y Tax Collections, Tx = -20+0.25*Y a. What is the equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? b. At the equilibrium income, what is the size of the government surplus (or deficit)? den Cal Page 3 601 c. If the Government decided to Increase G spending by 15, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? d. If instead the Government decided to Reduce Tx (taxes) by 6, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)? yanoM e. If instead the Government decided to Increase G spending and Increase Tx (taxes) both by 30, what would be the new equilibrium income for this economy (Show your work)?
1. Suppose that the U.S. government increases its expenditure on highways and bridges by $100 billion. Explain the effect that this expenditure would have on aggregate demand and real GDP.
4. Identify factors that would cause consumption spending to increase. What effect would that have on aggregate demand?
8. Which of the following explain why the Aggregate Demand curve is downward sloping? a) An increase in the price level decreases the purchasing power of money denominated wealth, which in turn causes a decline in on consumption spending. b) An increase in the price level decreases the purchasing power of money, which means that more money is needed to purchase goods. This causes buyers of investment and durable goods to require bigger loans to finance their purchases. This, in turn, causes an increase in the demand for loanable funds which leads to a higher interest rate. A higher interest rate will reduce the real purchases of investment and durable goods. c) An increase in the price level makes goods relatively more expensive to foreigners causing them to buy less which means that net exports will decline. d) All of the above. e) None of the above. 9. Which of the following explain why the Aggregate Supply curve is upward sloping?…
10.1For each of the following events,explain the short-run and long-run effects on output and price level,assuming policymakers take no action. a) The stock market declines sharply,reducing consumers' wealth. b) The federal government increases spending on national defence. 10.2 In which of the following circumstances is expansionary fiscal policy more likely to lead to a short-run increase in investment?Explain. a)When the investment accelarator is large or when it is small?
5. Crowding out On the following graph, AD₁ represents the initial aggregate demand curve in a hypothetical economy, and SRAS represents the initial aggregate supply curve. The economy's natural real GDP is $12 billion. PRICE LEVEL 106 104 102 100 98 96 6 8 NRGDP AD 10 12 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 14 SRAS AD3 16 AD₂ ?
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