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- 2. A refrigerator manufacturer is planning capacity expansions. They have determined that their capacity cost follows the equation below, where f(y) = kya, is the cost of a plant that can produce y units annually. f(y) = 0.0107y⁰.62 They have determined that when a = 0.62, using a = u/(e" - 1) gives a value u = 0.89. Their demand for refrigerators is growing at a rate of 5000 units annually, and they use a 16% interest rate for discounting. At the optimal capacity addition level, what does each capacity installation cost?7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for titanium. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 ATC 30 20 AVC 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) The following diagram shows the market demand for titanium. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 40 firms. (purod…4) Why will a firm never plan to supply an output at which it has increasing returns to scale?
- 7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for rhenium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the industry, every firm is identical and faces the same marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves plotted in the following graph. COSTS (Dollars per pound) 64 ATC 48 40 MC ° AVC 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) The following graph plots the market demand curve for rhenium. ? Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. -D- 72 64…7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for titanium. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. The following diagram shows the market demand for titanium. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 15 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. If there were 20 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of titanium would…7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for steel. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. 100 90 80 COSTS (Dollars per ton) 888 50 60 70 70 40 ATC 30 20 80 10 MC AVC D 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Thousands of tons)
- 5. The demand for cement is given by P= 40 - 8Q, where P is the unit price in kroner (SEK) and Q is quantity demanded (measured as tons of cement per day). A cement industry characterized by perfect competition has a short-run supply function given by P= 4 + Q. (Note that 4+ Q is the industry's marginal cost) 5c Now suppose that the manufacture of cement creates environmentally hazardous waste that is discharged into the immediate area and causes other actors costs (denoted by MCE). These amount to SEK 1,8 per ton of cement produced (so MCE= 1,8). Calculate it socially optimal equilibrium. 5d Calculate the size of the unit tax that when paid by the producers leads until the socially optimal level of production is reached.7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for rhenium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the industry, every firm is identical and faces the same marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves plotted in the following graph. 80 70 60 y 50 D 40 ATC 30 AVC MCD COSTS (Dollars per pound) PRICE (Dollars per pound) 100 90 80 70 The following graph plots the market demand curve for rhenium. 60 50 Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. 40 20 100…3. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for ruthenium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the industry, every firm is identical and faces the same marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves plotted in the following graph. COSTS (Dollars per pound) PRICE (Dollars per pound) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 80 8 72 0 64 56 48 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) The following graph plots the market demand curve for ruthenium. 40 24 16 8 0 Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the…
- 7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for copper. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. The following diagram shows the market demand for copper. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 15 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. If there were 20 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of copper would be ___ per…7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for thenium. Assume that no matter how many firms operate in the industry, every firm is identical and faces the same marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves plotted in the following graph. 100 31 30 20 20 21 50 MCO AVC 0 D 30 10 20 20 TD QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) 20 100 The following graph plots the market demand curve for rhenium. ? Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 15 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to pint the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. 100 12 43 Demand 33 33 ☐…7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for titanium. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph. T2 B4 ATC 40 AVC 16 4 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 QUANTITY (Thousenda of pounds) Use the prange polots (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there pre 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that comesponds to prices where there is no cutput since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamand symbol) to plat the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 frms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbal) to piot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. (? 72 Supply (10 fima) Demand Supply (20 fims) 32 Supply (30 fims) * 24 16 120 240 2o 490…