6b. have the phenotype wrinkled, yellow seeds, white flowers, and short? 6c. have the dominant phenotype for all four characteristics? 6d. be pure breeding for seed shape?
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- Figure 12.16 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green peas (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares do you need to do a Punnett square analysis of this cross?In cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color; Aa is also a tabby, and aa is black. Another gene at a different locus is epistatic to the gene for fur color. When present in its dominant W form (WW or Ww), this gene blocks the formation of fur color and all the offspring are white; ww individuals develop normal fur color. What fur colors, and in what proportions, would you expect from the cross AaWw Aa Ww?1. The allele G for yellow stigma is completely dominant to green (g). Supposingtwo strains of autotetraploid plants are available and their genotypes are as follows:GGgg – in this plant the gene is close to the centromereGggg – in this plant the gene is far from the centromere If these two plants are crossed:a) provide the gametes that can be obtained from the two plants;b) provide the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring. 2. Consider the illustration below. Diagram the configuration you would observe at Anaphase I if crossing-over happens within the inversion. (IMAGE ATTACHED)
- 9. In con, normal kernel are dominant to waxy kernels. If you crossed a waxy kernel plant to a heterozygous normal plant what type of seeds would be produced? Normal kernels (N), waxy kernel (n) Genotype: Nn, nn Phenotype: Normal kernels and waxy kernels Genotypic Ratio: 1:1 Phenotypic Ratio: 1:11. Use the following information to answer the question: Parental cross is RrYy x RrYy Seed Shapes are R-round, r-wrinkled Seed colors are Y-yellow, y-green Based on the information given, what is the phenotype ratio of the offspring of this cross? 2. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how many are expected to be tall and have yellow seeds? 3. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? How does this theory explain Mendel's results? 4. A cross between two organisms heterozygous for two different genes (AaBb) results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio among the offspring. Is the offspring's genotype ratio the same? Explain your answer.…. In nature, the plant Plectritis congesta is dimorphic forfruit shape; that is, individual plants bear either winglessor winged fruits, as shown in the illustration.Wingless fruit Winged fruitPlants were collected from nature before floweringand were crossed or selfed with the following results:Number of progenyPollination Winged WinglessWinged (selfed) 91 1*Winged (selfed) 90 30Wingless (selfed) 4* 80Winged × wingless 161 0Winged × wingless 29 31Winged × wingless 46 0Winged × winged 44 0*Phenotype probably has a nongenetic explanation.Interpret these results, and derive the mode ofinheritance of these fruit-shaped phenotypes. Usesymbols. What do you think is the nongeneticexplanation for the phenotypes marked by asterisks inthe table?
- 18. In tomatoes, tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d), and smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent (p) fruit, which is covered with fine hairs. A farmer has two tall and smooth tomato plants, which we will call plant A and plant B. The farmer crosses plants A and B with the same dwarf and pubescent plant and obtains the following numbers of progeny: Dd Pp Dd pp dd Pp dd pp Progeny of Plant A 122 6 4 124 a. What are the genotypes of plant A and plant B? Indicate what are the alleles on each chromosome Plant B 2 82 82 4 b. Are the loci that determine height of the plant and pubescence linked? If so, what is the percent recombination between them? Use chi-square test: 1) what is your hypothesis; 2) what are the expected results based on your hypothesis; 3) how to calculate chi-square; 4) what is the degree of freedom; 5) what is the p-value, and 6) what is your conclusion (what does the p-value mean) If these two genes are linked, calculate the recombinant frequency. c. Explain why…1. If you allow the original unknown plant to self-fertilize, what is the probability of recovering offspring with wrinkled, green OR round, yellow peas? Complete the following steps to answer the question: a. What is the cross? (Write out the genotypes being crossed, based on your answer to 3c.) b. What are the target genotypes? (Use the Y_ and R_ notation). c. Break it down into single gene crosses: i. At the R locus only, what ratio of round:wrinkled do you expect from the cross? ii. At the Y locus only, what ratio of yellow:green do you expect from the cross? d. What is the total probability of getting offspring with wrinkled, green OR round, yellow peas? Use the multiplication and addition rules and show your work!1. Fine spines (s), smooth fruit (tu) and uniform fruit color (u) are three recessive traits in cucumbers, the genes for which are linked on the same chromosome. A cucumber plant heterozygous for all three traits is used in a testcross, and the following progeny are produced by this testcross: S U Tu 2 s u Tu 70 S u Tu 21 s u tu 4 S U tu 82 s U tu 21 s U Tu 13 S u tu 17 Total=230 a) Determine the order of these three genes on the chromosome. b) Calculate the map distances between the genes. Show work.
- 4 *The normal color of snapdragons is red. Some pure lines showing variation in flower color have been found. Analyze the following crosses and do the following:² c. Explain the inheritance of these colors (include number of genes, alleles and dominance relationships). d. Determine the genotypes of the parents and the F1 of each cross. e. Propose a biochemical pathway for flower color production in snapdragons. F₂ Parents 1. orange x yellow 2. red x orange 3. red x yellow 4. red x white F₁ orange red red red red 5. yellow x white 9 red: 3 yellow: 4 white 6. orange x white 9 red: 3 orange: 4 white 7. red x white 9 red: 3 yellow: 4 white Hint: Come up with a possible pathway first, it helps to organize your thoughts. red 3 orange: 1 yellow 3 red: 1 orange 3 red: 1 yellow 3 red: 1 white red5. In garden peas, green pod (P) is dominant to yellow pod (p) and tall stemmed (T) plants are dominant to short stemmed plants (t). Please give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios from the following crosses. a) Homozygous green pod homozygous tall stemmed plant crossed with a yellow pod (homozygous) short stemmed (homozygous) plant. b) Homozygous green pod homozygous tall stemmed plant crossed with a heterozygous green pod heterozygous tall stemmed plant. c) Heterozygous green pod heterozygous tall stemmed plant crossed with a heterozygous green pod heterozygous tall stemmed plant. d) Heterozygous green pod homozygous tall stemmed plant crossed with a yellow pod (homozygous) homozygous tall stemmed plant. These are dihybrid crosses. 7. In pea plants, flower colour and pollen shape are located on the same chromosome. A plant with purple flowers and long pollen (AaBb) is crossed with one that is recessive for both traits (aabb). Calculate the…1. The height of a wheat plant is determined by several genes. In a variety the minimum size is 12 inches and the maximum is 24 inches. 12-inch plants were crossed with 18-inch plants, and produced an 18-inch F1. The F1 was allowed to cross each other, and an F2 was obtained in which the 12 and 24 inch plants were obtained with a frequency of 2/8195. How many genes are involved in determining plant size in this variety of wheat? Select one: a. 5b. 6c. 4d. 3