7) The following questions apply to glycolysis (figure 3-41 on page 79 of the 12th edition), theKrebs cycle (figure 3-44 on page 82) and to oxidative phosphorylation (figure 3-45 on page84). Calculate the total amount of ATP produced from one glucose molecule if:a. The oxidation of NADH + H* to NAD* + 2H* produced 4 ATP.b. The oxidation of FADH₂ to FAD + 2H* produced 1 ATP.c. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces NADH+H* produced FADH2 instead.d. Each step of the Krebs cycle that produces FADH2 produced NADH + H+ instead.e. Sucrose is substituted for glucose.

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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How many moles of NADH will be produced when 1 mole of fructose-1,3-bisphosphate is metabolized to pyuvate and then through TCA cycle Selected Answer: 2.5 Correct Answer: Evaluation Method Exact Match Exact Match Selected Answer: False Answers: True False Question 10 Question 9 The TCA cycle enzyme fumarase catalyzes a reversiable reaction. This enzyme shows a very high degree of selectivity in choosing the substrate for both the forward and the reverse reactions. Specified Answer for: a Specified Answer for: b Correct Answers for: a Question 2 What is the name of the reactant, of the TCA cycle reaction, which yields a GTP? Selected Answer: succinate Correct Answer: Evaluation Method Exact Match Evaluation Method Exact Match Correct Answers for: b Evaluation Method Exact Match This enzyme, Question 2 The coordinated action of the enzymes [a] and [b] is needed for the metabolism of pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. Evaluation Method Exact Match Exact Match Selected Answer: phosphohexoese…
ATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis. Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase. What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up. Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop. Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed. Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.
Consider 3 molecules of galactose: (write only the whole number; no decimal places) How many turns of Krebs Cycle will these molecules undergo for complete oxidation? b. How many moles of ATP are produced upon complete oxidation via malate-aspartate shuttle? c. If all the galactose molecules oxidize via pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative stage only), how many moles of NADPH will be produced?
The metabolic reactions and enzymes that require NAD/NADH are shown in Figure 1. However, it is not specified whether oxidized or reduced NAD is used in each reaction, nor what form of NAD is produced as a product. Add this specificity to the attached figure. You are also welcome to draw your own figure.
Malate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts malate to oxaloacetate in the last stage of the TCA Cycle (citric acid cycle/Krebs cyde), represented by the following equation: NAD+ Malate Oxaloacetate NADH A group of students carried out an experiment to determine the optimum temperature for the activity of a commercially produced malate dehydrogenase (from yeast) at several different temperatures. A series of test tubes was set up containing 2.0 cm of phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.5, 0.1 cm? of NADH, 0.1 cm of malate dehydrogenase and 0.7 cm3 of water. The tubes were incubated in water baths at the various temperatures for 5 minutes. At certain time intervals each tube was placed in a colorimeter, set at an absorbance value of 1.0. The reaction was then started by adding 0.1 cm? of oxaloacetic acid to the tube. Enzyme activity was measured by following the decrease in absorbance for 120 seconds. The experiment was repeated to give duplicate results. Enzyme activity was then…
Starting with glucose, there are five steps in the EMP/TCA metabolic pathways that produce NADH (which is converted to ATP or energy). Use class notes, Shuler, Kargi and DeLisa book, or the internet. 1. A. Draw the chemical structures of the reactant(s) and product(s); as well as a balanced chemical reaction for the step in the TCA (Krebs) cycle where isocitrate is converted to a-ketoglutarate (step 3 in the class notes). (You don't need to draw the structures of coenzyme A (COA), NAD* or NADH.) B. What enzymes catalyze steps 3 and 5 in the Kreb's cycle from the class notes? C. Would you categorize step 8 in the TCA cycle where malate is converted to oxaloacetate as an oxidation or reduction of malate? D. Considering that some energy is spent transporting acetyl-CoA to mitochondria, how much net energy (in kcal) is produced by converting 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ in the glycolysis & Krebs cycle pathways? E. How many kcals of energy from oxidizing 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ (your answer to…
All dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle use NAD* (E° for NAD*/NADH is -0.32V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase (which uses FAD (E° for FAD/FADH2 is 0.05V). Based on AG° = -NFEº, show and state (1-2 sentences) why is FAD a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD* in the dehydrogenation of succinate (consider the E° values of %3D Uptake in Na+ Vmax Uptake in absence of Na+ Vmax substrate K: (mM) Kt (mM) L-leucine 420 0.24 23 0.2 D-Leucine 310 4.7 5 4.7 L-valine 225 0.31 19 0.31 fumarate/succinate (E° = 0.031), NAD*/NADH, and the succinate dehydrogenase FAD/FADH2).
Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed in the direction shown, under standard conditions, in the presence of the appropriate enzymes? Discuss briefly your choice. a. Malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ b. Acetoacetate + NADH + H+ → β-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ c. Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → lactate NAD+ d. Pyruvate + β-hydroxybutyrate → lactate + acetoacetate e. Malate + pyruvate → oxaloacetate + lactate f. Acetaldehyde + succinate → ethanol + fumarate
In the clinical case scenario provided, match the defective enzyme in Column A with the consequence of this enzyme defect in Column B. IND OAD DH Autopsy results from individual X showed normal levels of glucose and pyruvate, very low levels of NAD+ and very high levels of NADH. Their blood oxygen levels were normal, although the cause of death was given to be a lack of oxygen. Option A B C D Defective enzyme Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Cytochrome oxidase Lactate dehydrogenase write your answer here Consequence of this enzyme defect Impaired ATP production Impaired NAD production Impaired respiration Impaired oxygen I L OORD ORD OND DORO G
The reaction catalyzed by citrate syn- thase, shown on the right, is the first step of the TCA cycle. In glycolysis, two key reactions to produce ATP occur because an unfavorable reaction is coupled to another reaction that is thermodynamically favorable. The reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, shown on the right, is similarly coupled to an unfavorable reac- tion in the TCA cycle. Write the unfavorable reaction using structural formulas and write the key step that drives the two coupled reactions forward. What is the overall AG'o of the coupled reactions? CH3-C >=0 + S-COA Acetyl-CoA 0-C-COO- CH₂-COO Oxaloacetate H₂O COA-SH J citrate synthase CH₂-C HỌ—C—COO SO CH₂-COO Citrate AG'= -32.2 kJ/mol
Consider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. 1. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles 2. Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced 3. Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) 4. Total number of ATP deducted 5. Total net ATP
Please help answer each part to this question and explain. Thank you for your help. You discover a cell that uses Cu*2 as the final electron acceptor in mitochondrial electron transport (ΜET). Cu*2 + 2e € → Cu° E°°=+0.337 V A. How much free energy can be gained by oxidation of NADH in this novel MET system? Show calculations. 1. B. You examine the structures of MET complexes I, II, III, and IV and discover that one of them is different from those found in human cells. Which complex is likely to be different? Explain. C. Do you expect to find cytochrome a3 in this novel MET system? Explain.

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