A clay layer with a sand layer on the top and a rock layer (impermeable layer) on the bottom. When a surcharge is applied, the clay layer will undergo a total 25 cm primary consolidation settlement. If 20 cm of the total consolidation settlement is achieved in 10 years, please find: Coefficient of consolidation, Cv (m2/year)  If the rock layer is replaced by a sand layer, how long will it take to finish 10 cm of the total consolidation settlement (year)?  If the coefficient of the volume compressibility (mv) is 0.001 m2/kN, what is the hydraulic conductivity of the clay (cm/s)?

Q: What is consolidation? Explain the concept of NCR and OCR with examples in your own words.

A: Since, the question to be solved is not stated, the solution for question 2a is as follows:…

Q: A 3 m thick clay layer (single-drained) under surcharge loading underwent 60% primary consolidation…

A: Terzaghi theory is applicable

Q: A 3 m thick clay layer is subjected to an initial uniform pore pressure of 145 kPa as shown in the…

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Q: A saturated clay stratum draining both at the top and bottom undergoes 50% consolidation in 16 years…

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Q: A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

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Q: 4. A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

A: Given Data:H0=4mδsand,dry=14 kn/m3δsand,sat=18 kn/m3δclay,sat=19 kn/m3Void ratio=0.8Liquid…

Q: The figure below gives the plot of void ratio versus pressure data from a consolidation test. 0.90…

A: Draw the figure.

Q: From the application of given pressure, the anticipated primary consolidation settlement is 0.064…

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Q: A layer of soft clay 4 m thick under construction building, the overburden pressure over the center…

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Q: Determine the following: A. Effective overburden pressure @ the middle of the clay layer. B.…

A: Given data- Soil profile with its properties are given below-

Q: A 3 m thick saturated soil stratum has a compression index of 0.25 and coefficient of permeability…

A: The given data is shown below: Thickness=3 mCompression index=0.25Coefficient of…

Q: 4. A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

A: Effective stress at middle of clay is given by ; σ1 = 14 *3 + (18 - 9.81) * 3 + (19 - 9.81) * 2 =…

Q: The time required for a 50% consolidation of a 25 mm thick layer (drained at both and bottom) in the…

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Q: Question  attached

A: The test results related to consolidation are 1)The relation between dial gauge reading and time…

Q: A saturated clay layer of 5m thickness takes 1.5 year for 50% primary consolidation when drained on…

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Q: A clay layer 5 m thick has double drainage. It was consolidated under a load of 127.5 kN/m2. The…

A: Given Data: Thickness of layer=5m double drainage Load=127.5 kN/m2 Increased load=197.5 kN/m2…

Q: A saturated clay stratum of thickness 10 m, bounded on top and bottom by medium coarse sand layers,…

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Q: Question attached

A: Secondary consolidation: The reduction in volume continues at a very slow rate even after the excess…

Q: a. How long will it take for 50% settlement to occur? Cv = 0.002 cm2 /sec. b. How long will it…

A: Given: consolidated clay layer = 3m = 300cm settlement  =  80 mm Cv = 0.002 cm2

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Q: A 3.0 m thick singly drained normally consolidated claylayer has eo =0.89, Cc = 0.46, and cv =3.5…

A: Solution;

Q: A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

A: Given data- For sand-γd=14  kN/m3γsat=18 kN/m3For clay-γsat=19 kN/m3Void ratio e=0.8Liquid limit…

Q: Laboratory tests on a 25-mm-thick clay specimen drained at the top and bot- tom show that 50%…

A: a) Given data:

Q: A saturated clay layer of 5m thickness takes 1.5 year for 50% primary consolidation when drained on…

A:

Q: Consider the consolidation situation below and answer the questions. 200 kPa 200 kPa Water Table…

A: Note :- diagram is not required in solution. So not redrawing the same diagram again.  Given :-…

Q: A saturated clay stratum of thickness 10 m, bounded on top and bottom by medium coarse sand layers,…

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Q: Calculate the total primary consolidation settlement of the soil layers as shown in Figure.3 below.

A: Given :- Load on surface = 600 KN Dimension of footing = 2 m ×3 m Initial Void Ratio (e0)= 0.92…

Q: A 3 m thick clay layer is subjected to an initial uniform pore pressure of 145 kPa as shown in the…

A: given- thickness d=3m=300 cmsingle drainage caseCv=0.03 cm2/mintime factor-tv=0.85

Q: Estimate the total consolidation settlement (primary & secondary) after 2 years and 9 months after…

A: Given, Pier dimension=2 m×3 m Q0=960 kN Unit weight of water=γw=10 kN/m3

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Q: Q1- In an Odometer test a specimen of saturated clay 26 mm thick reaches58% consolidation in 31 min.…

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Q: 7.20 A saturated clay stratum draining both at the top and bottom undergoes 50 per cent…

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Q: A buried clay layer 10 ft thick is sandwiched between strata of free-draining granular soil so that…

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Q: A 10 m thick clay layer with single drainage layer undergoes a settlement of 22 mm in 3 years. If…

A: Ans is 10 years

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A: Given Data: Cv=1.6 m2/year Tv=0.196 Pore pressure at p=68 kpa

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Q: How long will it take (in days) for a 3-foot clay layer in the field (double drained) to reach 60%…

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Q: Q: For the soil profile shown in figure. Determine the: a) Final consolidation settlement. b) Time…

A: consolidation is the process of settlement of soil layer due to expulsion of pore water pressure.…

Q: The time to reach 60% consolidation is 35 seconds for a sample of 15 m thick tested in a laboratory…

A: Given data :-  1st case :-  Degree of consolidation (u) = 60% = 0.6  Time (T1) = 35 second…

Q: Laboratory test on a 35 mm thick clay specimen drained just at the top show that 60% consolidation…

A:

Q: Example Given: A 12 m thick layer of Chicago clay is doubly drained. (This means that a very…

A: Solution: Given: H = 12 m Cv = 8.0 x 10-8 m2/s 1 m2/s = 31556952 m/yr t = 5 years Time factor:…

Q: A 3 m thick stratum (drained in two directions) of saturated Clay and under overburden, exhibited…

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Q: What is the average degree of consolidation for the clay layer when the settlement is 85mm? b. How…

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Q: Estimate the total consolidation settlement (primary & secondary) after 2 years and 3 months after…

A: We have to determine the value of total consolidation settlement after 2 year and 9 months after the…

Q: 4. A soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water…

A: when soil reaches to full saturation value after expulsion of pore air and remain saturated during…

Q: soil strata can be described as 6 meters of sand underlain by 4 meters of clay with the water table…

A: Given:- sand depth = 6 meters clay depth = 4 meters dry unit weight of sand = 14kN/m3 saturated unit…

Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.