A helical spring made of oil hardened and tempered steel compression springs, made of circular wire, is subjected to an axial force, which varies from (2.5 KN) to (3.5 KN). Over this range of force, the deflection of the spring should be approximately (5 mm). The spring index can be taken as (5). The spring has square and ground ends. If ultimate tensile strength of (1050 N/mm2) and modulus of rigidity of (81370 N/mm2). The permissible shear stress for the spring wire should be taken as (50 %) of the ultimate tensile strength.Design the spring and calculate the following: 1. Wire diameter; 2. Mean coil diameter; 3. Number of active oils; 4. Total number of coils; 5. Solid length of the spring; 6. Free length of the spring; 7. pitch of coils (p); 8. Required spring rate; 9. Actual spring rate; and 10. Draw a neat sketch .of the spring showing various dimensions
Plane Trusses
It is defined as, two or more elements like beams or any two or more force members, which when assembled together, behaves like a complete structure or as a single structure. They generally consist of two force member which means any component structure where the force is applied only at two points. The point of contact of joints of truss are known as nodes. They are generally made up of triangular patterns. Nodes are the points where all the external forces and the reactionary forces due to them act and shows whether the force is tensile or compressive. There are various characteristics of trusses and are characterized as Simple truss, planar truss or the Space Frame truss.
Equilibrium Equations
If a body is said to be at rest or moving with a uniform velocity, the body is in equilibrium condition. This means that all the forces are balanced in the body. It can be understood with the help of Newton's first law of motion which states that the resultant force on a system is null, where the system remains to be at rest or moves at uniform motion. It is when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction.
Force Systems
When a body comes in interaction with other bodies, they exert various forces on each other. Any system is under the influence of some kind of force. For example, laptop kept on table exerts force on the table and table exerts equal force on it, hence the system is in balance or equilibrium. When two or more materials interact then more than one force act at a time, hence it is called as force systems.
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