1. What are the causes of Itsenko-Cushing's disease? 2. Indicate the characteristic changes in concentrations of corticotropin and glucocorticoids in the patient's blood. 3. Explain the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the patient. 4. What are the mechanisms of violation of carbohydrate, fat and
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- A patient of 28 years old complains of pains in the spine, persistent arterial hypertension. On examination: obesity of the face and trunk with disproportionately thin extremities, acne. Blood revealed hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia. It was diagnosed Itsenko-Cushing's disease. Questions: 1. What are the causes of Itsenko-Cushing's disease? 2. Indicate the characteristic changes in concentrations of corticotropin and glucocorticoids in the patient's blood. 3. Explain the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the patient. 4. What are the mechanisms of violation of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. 5. How can be explained the pain in the spine of the patient? 6. Describe the changes in the adrenal glands in Itsenko-Cushing's disease. 7. Describe the pathology of the patient's pituitary gland according to the different classifications.An old patient suffers from difficulty in evacuation process and lose of weights. During the diagnostic procedures, the physician examine his bowel sounds and identify the presence of mild ascites. He also noted the following symptoms and signs: Phlebitis, Aphthous ulcer, episcleritis and spider naevus. His total bilirubin is 1.5 mg/dl , albumin is 4 g/dl and prothrompine time is 3 sec. laboratory measured In addition, skip lesions between healthy areas diagnosed during the study of the inside of view of the entire colon. A) Calculate and explain the scoring for the Child-Pugh Grading with this case and identify his class. B) Identify the specific types of diseases he is suffering from and the physical examination that used in this case.explain in detail what the pathogensis may be for a A 25-year-old female pateint presented to her 28-week antenatal appointment with the complaint of lethargy, who was also noted pale but was diagnosed with microsytic anemia. give full pathogensis. explain more the 1 cause in detail. 600 words
- A 23-year-old man consulted a doctor with complaints of swelling of the face, eyelids. extremities, a decrease in the amount of urine, severe weakness, fatigue, headache in the occipital and temporal regions and inspiratory dyspnea. He is known to suffer from chronic tonsillitis. His health deteriorated in the last two weeks after the worsening of tonsillitis, when the symptoms described above appeared. On examination: the patient's condition is moderate, the skin is pale, dry. Swelling of the face, arms, legs, and abdomen. NPV 24 / min, pulse 102/ min, BP 165/95 mm Hg, t- 37.1. C. On auscultation of the lungs: weakened vesicular breathing is heard in the lower left sections, below the angle of the scapula and in the axillary region, In the same parts of the lungs, dullness is determined percussion. Pasternatsky's symptom is weakly positive on both sides, 1. What syndromes can be diagnosed in this patient? 2. What laboratory and instrumental studies should be assigned? 3. Explain the…Mr Nguyen is an overweight 40 year old who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He has been started on Metformin but has been complaining of diarrhoea, some abdominal pain and loss of appetite. He continues to work as a taxi driver and often works the night shift as he has young school aged children. His HbA1c is 8%. The medical staff are considering adding Exenatide to his medication regime. Outline the mode of action of Metformin and Exenatide and why these drugs may be prescribed together. Describe factors to be considered when administering each of these drugs.A 43-year-old female presents with concerns of a change in upper right quadrant pain that is most noticeable after each meal with a sudden onset but use to subsides gradually over the last six months, now her symptoms are steady, persistent, and aching. The pain is associated with vomiting and nausea. During a careful history, the patient shares that she mostly eats fast food due to her busy lifestyle. Which physical exam technique when positive triples the likelihood of acute cholecystitis? Answers: A-D A Asking the patient to take a deep breath and palpating the RLQ B Deeply palpating the RUQ at the location of the patient's pain, asking them to take a deep breath C Applying the "hooking" technique D Palpating the epigastrium on both sides of the aorta
- A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe diarrhea forthe past days. She looked acutely ill and very dehydrated. Although her usual bloodpressure is 120/80mmHg, it has now dropped. When she is supine (lying down), herblood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 100 beats/min. When she ismoved to a standing position, her heart rate further increases to 120 beats/min. She isimmediately started on normal saline i.v fluids. a. What is the physiological explanation behind the drop in blood pressure? b. Explain physiologically the fast baroreceptor mechanisms that will be employedto compensate for the drop in blood pressure. c. What accounts for the change in heart rate on changing positions? d. How will iv fluids improve her blood pressure?A 37-year-old patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Infectious hepatitis". On examination: intensive icteric colour of the skin and mucous membranes is noted. In the blood is found an increase in indirect bilirubin, the fecal masses are discolored. Questions: 4. Describe the pathogenesis of patient's disorders in the pigment exchange. 5. What changes in hepatic transferase activity and bile acid concentration are characteristic for this pathology,A 36-year-old, alcoholic woman presents with a 1-week history of yellow skin and sclerae. She has suffered persistent headaches. Her vital signs are normal. Physical examination reveals jaundice. Laboratory studies disclose markedly elevated levels of AST and ALT (956 and 1,400 UIL. respectively). A few days later, she develops hepatic encephalopathy and renal failure. A liver biopsy shows prominent centrilobular necrosis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? (A) Acetaminophen toxicity (B) Fatty liver of pregnancy (C) Metastatic carcinoma (D) Reye syndrome (£) Wilson disease
- A child diagnosed with strep throat 3 days ago enters the clinic crying hysterically. The parent tells the practical nurse (PN) that the child screams in pain even with a light touch. The child is short of breath and anxious. Which manifestations warrant immediate intervention by the PN? A Red, hot, and swollen joints. B Pulse oximetry of 88% 02 saturation. C Slightly raised rash with ragged edges. D Heart rate 110 beats/minute.A common complication of Crohn's disease is: The development of fissures, abscesses or fistulas Severe constipation. Abnormal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding The presence of excessive fat in the stoolsCONCEPT MAPPINGCreate a CONCEPT MAP or DIAGRAM from among the following high-risk conditions. Choose THREE (3) conditionS from among the list below:1. Respiratory Distress Syndrome2. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome3. Sepsis4. Necrotizing Enterocolitis5. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborns6. Retinopathy of prematurity7. Intraventricular Hemorrhage8. Intracranial Hemorrhage The components should include the following: 1) predisposing and/or precipitating factors; 2) a simple pathophysiology; 3) clinical manifestations; 4) diagnostic procedure (if applicable); 5) medical/surgical management; 6) nursing interventions and nursing diagnosis.