(a) Suppose the central bank decides to make Rs. 100,000 open market sale. If high powered money (H) = Rs. 500,000/-, required reserve ratio (rr) 0.20, excess reserve ratio (er) = 0.05 and currency deposit ratio (cd) = 0.25, what will be the total currency holdings of the public? (b) What factors might cause a bank to change its desired excess reserve ratio?
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- 9. How would you incorporate security considerations/costs into the transactions demand model? What would this imply for the demand for currency in a relatively insecure urban environment (a) compared with a relatively safe one, (b) when owner-identified smart cards become available? Do these factors affect the demand for demand deposits? How would the proportion of currency to demand deposits be affected in these cases? 10. Can the transactions demand model be used to explain why financial innovations in recent decades have reduced the transactions demand for M1? 11. Are transactions demand models useless, as Sprenkle (1969) argued? If they are, how would you explain the demand for M1 or just for demand deposits in the economy?(b) Mahsuri Bank which is one of the local banks in your community has the following balance sheet (in billions of RM) as follows: Liabilities 3,000 Deposits 1,350 Assets RM billions RM billions Reserves 5,000 Government securities Loans 650 i. If the required reserve ratio is 0.25 or 25 percent, how much in excess reserves does the bank hold? ii. Determine the maximum amount by which the bank can expand its loan? If the bank makes the loans in (ii), show the immediate impact on the bank's balance sheet. ii.The T-sheet below is for the Next to Last National Bank, a commercial bank. The required reserve ratio is 20% of deposits. (a) How much are excess reserves for this bank? (b) Suppose that this bank receives a deposit inflow of $20 million. Suppose also that you are certain that no deposit outflow will occur for several years and that the national economy will continue to grow. To maximize profits, what should you do? Show and explain the new T-sheet.
- If a bank has total deposits of $7,200 and reserves of $1,600: Instructions: Round to the nearest whole number. (a) What is its current reserve ratio? % (b) How large is its loan portfolio (outstanding loans)? %24. Assuming the required reserve ratio is 10%, how much can this bank lend? a) $200,000 b) $300,000 c) $400,000 d) $550,000 e) $3,000,0002. Which of the following best describes fiat money? (A) Money that is backed by a commodity such as gold (B) Money that is backed by the government that issued it (C) U.S. dollars held in foreign financial institutions (D) Money that is held in demand deposits (F) Money that is not included in the M1 or M2 money supplies
- B3-4 ALL QUESTIONS GO WITH GRAPH 1. What would be the level of excess reserves if the required reserve ratio were 20%? a) There would be a shortfall in required reserves of $100,000 b) 0 c) $300,000 d) $900,000 e) $1,000,000 2. If the reserve required ratio is 10%, how much can this bank lend? a) $900,000 b) $1,000,000 c) $1,300,000 d) $500,000 e) $400,000 3. Assume: a required reserve ratio of 10%, this bank is the only one with excess reserves, banks do not wish to hold excess reserves and the public does not wish to increase its cash holdings. What is the maximum amount of new money the banking system can create? a) $900,000 b) $500,000 c) $400,000 d) $4,000,000 e) $5,000,000If a bank has total reserves of $200,000 and $1 million in deposits, how much money can it lend if the required reserve ratio is (a) 4 percent? (b) 6 percent?(a). The required reserve ratio is 10%. If the Fed increases the amount of excess reserves in the banking system by $100,000,000, the maximum potential amount of additional money created in the economy will be dollars. (b). The required reserve ratio is 10%, but due to economic uncertainty, banks are holding an additional 2.5% of their deposits as excess reserves. If the Fed increases the amount of excess reserves in the banking system by $100,000,000 through an open market purchase, the maximum potential amount of additional money created in the economy will be dollars.
- (b) Not all central bank uses all three. Find out what tools are used by the central bank in your region to affect the money supply(a) Given that: Total deposit as of August 2021 in Indonesia = USD 621.2 Billion Total currency in circulation as of August 2021 = USD 93.2 Billion Reserve required as of August 2021 = 2% Total Excess Reserve as of August 2021 = USD 53.2 million From the above information: (i) Calculate the monetary base (ii) Calculate the money multiplier. What will be the total money supply? (iii) Suppose that the Indonesia Central Bank targeted money supply to grow by 3% next year. Suggest any ONE (1) way to achieved the targeted money supply.1. Which of the following is an example of money as a unit of account? (A) A monthly credit card statement (B) A money market account (C) A checking account (D) Pricing of items in a grocery store (E) Direct deposit fint money?