a) What channels are open at 3 if this was recorded on the axon of a sensory neuron? 1. K+ voltage gated channels/ 2. K+ leak channels/ 3. Na+ ligand gated channels/ 4. Na+ stimulus gated channels/ 5. Na+ voltage gated channels/ 6. Ca+ voltage gated channels/ 7. Cl- ligand gated channels) b) What effect would a weaker stimulus have on C?  1. Greater amplitude (height)/ 2. Lower amplitude/ 3. Narrower curve/ 4. No change/ 5. Wider curve c) What term is used to describe the dip at the region marked by 4? What is its purpose?

Q: How is the duration of stimulus coded by the primary sensory neuron? (Human Physiology)

A: The nervous system is one of the vital systems of a body. It is a system of nerves which carry…

Q: Hair cell vibrations that open and close ion channels in the membrane are the basis of which sensory…

A: 1) Hair cells are present in the spiral organ of Corti which is present on the basilar membrane of…

Q: Describe how the different types of channels can be used to send information from the beginning hair…

A: The hair cells in vertebrate animals are bathed in inner ear's internal fluid, yet they may still…

Q: Explain why continuous sounds are an issue for accurate sound localization Make sure to describe a…

A: 1. Neural processing of sound localisation is complex but it can represent in a well established…

Q: What does it mean to say sense organs are transducers? What form of energy do all receptors have as…

A: SENSE ORGAN A specialized bodily structure that receives or is sensitive to internal or external…

Q: My cat Mia has poor color vision, but can see very well in dark environments. What characteristic of…

A: The eye is the photosensitive organ in the body that contain photosensitive layer known as retina.…

Q: Explain the meaning and relevance of a sensory neuron’s receptive field?

A: The sensory neuron is a nerve cell and detects external signals. These receive information through…

Q: list and describe the five major types of sensory receptors, and give an example of each?

A: The body experiences external stimuli(sensation) through various sensory receptors located on the…

Q: A single action potential in a somatic motoneuron produces a twitch in the muscle it innervates.…

A:

Q: glutamate release from rods stimulates the retinal ganglion cells   B. glutamate release from rods…

A: Retinal Ganglion cells A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a kind of neuron. In the eye, it is situated…

Q: hat is a receptor (generator) potential?

A: When a stimulus having greater strength than threshold strength is applied to a receptor than the…

Q: How do slowly adapting versus rapidly adapting receptors differ

A: Stimulus is  something that stirs or urges to action.

Q: Rod and cone coupling is communication between rods and cones via A. Glutamate receptors B. Gap…

A: Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels . Cones are active at higher light level, are…

Q: Which of the following appropriately describes the "Specificity Theory" of nociceptors? All sensory…

A: There are many theories of pain that have evolved over time. The theory of specificity is one of the…

Q: 1. You are recording from four separate ganglion cells, whose receptive fields are represented in…

A: The receptive field of the ganglion cells or the optic nerve fibers are made up of many rods and…

Q: COLLAPSE   What cells do not respond to color? A) Cells in V1 B) Cells in V4 C) Cells in V5/MT…

A: Vision is the ability to see or visualize things through the eye.

Q: Which one of the following statement is not correct about sensory memory?   a. It holds…

A: The answer for the above answer is (b) Sensory memory doesnot involve the active processing of…

Q: What is the purpose of a sensory receptor?

A: Sensory Receptors are special types of cells, that detect changes in the environment. There are…

Q: Receptor cells that are neurons with sensory dendrites are faster than receptor cells that are…

A:

Q: Auditory neural signals are sent when HAIR CELLS in our inner ears open ion channels along their…

A: The fluid that surrounds the hair cells, known as endolymph, is high in potassium. When the hair…

Q: How does the frequency of action potentials in the primary sensory neuron code for stimulus…

A: The nerves are the functional unit of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses from the…

Q: If all neurons transmit the same type of message, how do you know the difference between sound and…

A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub parts for…

Q: Describe the flow of generation of receptor potential when sensory receptors detected stimuli.

A: Sensory receptors present in our body helps in detecting the changes that occur both in our external…

Q: Your cortex decodes incoming action potentials from sensory pathways. How does it tell the…

A: The somatosensory system is the section of the sensory system that serves the limbs as well as the…

Q: Match the term to its description by writing the appropriate letter in the space.     ___1.…

A: 1. Lateral inhibition - I It is the capacity of an excited neuron to decrease the activity of its…

Q: How does the nervous system code information about stimulus intensity?

A: Stimulus intensity is defined as the strength of the sensory input to the brain.   The nervous…

Q: 3. Which sensory processing principle listed below best explains why we detect heat sensation when…

A: In systems neuroscience, it has long been assumed that inputs from various sensory organs are…

Q: Odor molecule receptors are located on the ________ extending from olfactory receptor cells in the…

A: A nose refers to the upper respiratory organ that forms the vital part of the olfactory system. The…

Q: Explain why a stimulus to a neuron that has a small receptive field can be located more precisely…

A: The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system, which is made up of neurons and…

Q: how does visual transduction occur in rods? Select one: a. By inhibition: light bleaches the…

A: The retina of the eye is packed with photosensitive cells called "rod" and "cone" cells which…

Q: Slowly adapting receptors include all the following types, except :-a- Golgi tendon organsb- warmth…

A: Slowly adapting receptors responds as long as the stimulus starts and the frequency of the response…

Q: What is Primary Sensory Coding?

A: Sensory coding is a type of information processing that occurs in nervous systems and can be thought…

Q: 1. The sensory neuron carries the information to the interneuron. 2. The sensory neuron in the…

A: Humans have a well developed nervous system that efficiently carries information throughout the…

Q: What studies of visual agnosia tell us about the occipitotemporal cortex in object perception and…

A: As the nerves connecting the occipital lobe of the brain to the parietal or temporal lobe are…

Q: How do mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli? Explain with an example?

A: Cutaneous mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli that result from physical interaction,…

Q: relays visual infomation from retina to V1…

A: Lateral geniculate nucleus is involved in visual processing in retina Histamine is present in…

Q: Consider two giant axons (A & B) extending from the squid stellate ganglion: A extends 5 cm to a…

A: Introduction The Axon Is A Long, Cylindrical Structure That Conducts Electrical Impulses Away From…

Q: What channels are open at 3 if this was recorded on the axon of a sensory neuron? Check all that…

A: The neurons or nerve cells have the capacity to conduct electricity in the form of action potential.…

Q: If light strikes only one receptor, what is the net effect (excitatory or inhibitory) on the nearest…

A: A bipolar cell is a kind of neuron with two extensions (one dendrite and one axon). These bipolar…

Q: Which of the following limits the potential of an individual neuron to encode the frequency of a…

A: Option A

Q: Where do primary sensory neurons synapse with the secondary sensory neurons

A: There is only one synapse between the organ and a CNS neuron in the sensory and motor neurons of the…

Q: Match the receptors in column A with the stimulus it perceives la column B and the type of receptor…

A: Types of receptors -  Chemoreceptor Thermoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Photoreceptor

Q: What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface and represents the…

A: To detemine: To determine the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface…

Q: What are the 3 ways in which complex ganglion cells differ from simple ganglion cells (Select all…

A: Ganglion cells are the vertebrate retina's final output neurons. Bipolar cells and amacrine cells…

Q: How does the frequency of action potentials in the primary sensory neuron code for stimulus…

A: The nervous system's functional unit that transmits nerve impulses from the stimulus site to the…

Q: Proprioceptors include all the following types of receptors, except :-a- muscle spindlesb- pressure…

A: The proprioceptors of the body are found primarily in the muscles, tendons, and skin. It is a…

Q: Where is rhodopsin localized in a vertebrate retinal rod? Whereis the receptor potential generated?…

A: The human eye is a sensory organ which responds to visible light and enables humans utilise visual…

Q: Which of the following statements about sensory systems is NOT true? a. Sensory transduction…

A: Sensory adaptation can be defined as  reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after the constant…

Q: When transitioning from a pitch black room, to a sunny room where there is a lot of light, what…

A: The rods and cones are the photoreceptor cells. rods contain a photosensitive pigment known as…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.