4.The urea cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, predating the description ofthe citric acid cycle by 5 years. Hans Krebs along with Kurt Henseleit used their Warburg manometer(pictured) to monitor the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia inthe synthesis of urea. In the presence of a slice of liver, ureacould be produced, but the reaction require ornithine andcitrulline. Since citrulline is not consumed during the course ofthe enzymatic cycle, but is rather regenerated, Krebs described 2Ncitrulline as a "catalyst" of the process.ОНÑH2(a)What do initiation of the urea cycle and initiation of gluconeogenesis have in common?What is the first committed step of the urea cycle, what reactants are used, what product is(b)produced, where does it take place, how is it allosterically regulated, and how is the allosteric regulatorproduced?

Urea cycle is the process of synthesis of urea (excreted out from the body) from the toxic ammonia,…

(a) What do initiation of the urea cycle and initiation of gluconeogenesis have in common? (b) produced, where does it take place, how is it allosterically regulated, and how is the allosteric regulator produced? What is the first committed step of the urea cycle, what reactants are used, what product is

(a) What do initiation of the urea cycle and initiation of gluconeogenesis have in common? (b) produced, where does it take place, how is it allosterically regulated, and how is the allosteric regulator produced? What is the first committed step of the urea cycle, what reactants are used, what product is

Anatomy & Physiology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Chapter24: Metabolism And Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 32CTQ: Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.

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4. The urea cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, predating the description of the citric acid cycle by 5 years. Hans Krebs along with Kurt Henseleit used their Warburg manometer (pictured) to monitor the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the synthesis of urea. In the presence of a slice of liver, urea could be produced, but the reaction require ornithine and citrulline. Since citrulline is not consumed during the course of the enzymatic cycle, but is rather regenerated, Krebs described citrulline as a “catalyst” of the process. O H₂N (a) What do initiation of the urea cycle and initiation of gluconeogenesis have in common? OH NH₂ (b) What is the first committed step of the urea cycle, what reactants are used, what product is produced, where does it take place, how is it allosterically regulated, and how is the allosteric regulator produced? (c) Describe the reversible steps in the urea cycle, including the substrates, products, and enzymes. (d) What are the…
Consider this mechanism of enzyme action: Urease can catalyze the hydrolysis of Urea, H,N – C – NH, II but not H H the hydrolysis of diethyl urea N -C - C;H5 C2H5 Explain this action.
Outline the path of 2 molecules of alanine to 1 molecule of glucose using alanine dehydrogenase and other processes or pathways you know. Determine the net reaction and make sure you include both the necessary cofactors AND the handling of the ammonia by the urea cycle.
Which enzyme(s) in the urea cycle mediate(s) (an) irreversible reaction(s) (select all that apply)? O arginosuccinate synthetase arginosuccinase carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I arginase O ornithine transcarbamoylase
6. In an experiment, students used liver tissuc samples to study the cthanol metabolism and the possibility of ethanol conversion into glucose. The ethanol introduction in the investigated medium didn't lead to glucose level increase. Why is it impossible to convert ethanol to glucose? For the answer: a) provide a scheme of gluconcogenesis, indicate the substrates of this process; b) write the reaction of ethanol oxidation in the liver; c) explain whether it is possible to use the metabolites of ethanol catabolism for the glucose synthesis.
1. Describe the reaction catalyzed by salivary amylase. To which class of enzymes does amylase belong? Explain thoroughly.
8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis, Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this 9. b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization: X
Glucose is completely metabolized to six molecules of CO 2. What specifi c reactions generate each molecule of CO 2?
Name the three amino acids (AA) intermediate in the urea cycle. 2. What are the four possible degradation products of the carbon skeletons of AAs that are CAC intermediates?
Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.
Years ago there was interest in using uncouplers such as dinitrophenol as weight control agents. Presumably, fat could be oxidized without concomi- tant ATP synthesis for re-formation of fat or carbohydrate. Why was this a bad (i.e., fatal) idea?
1. The optimal conditions for salivary lysozyme (hydrolyzing glycoproteins ofbacterial wall) are 37 C- temperature and pH is 5.2. Explain the decrease in this enzyme activity if the temperature will rise up to 60 °C and pH will be changed to 8.0. To answer the question: a) draw the graph of the velocity dependency on temperature and pH; b) calculate the relative enzyme activity if 10 mg of lysozyme catalyzes the formation of 5 uM of the product per 2 minutes. 2 Consider the matic reaction schee: Asnaragine + H20 Aspartate+ NH3: