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- Select ALL statements that are TRUE regarding a drug that would inactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase A. Prevent acetylcholine from being loaded into synaptic vesicles B. Prolong the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse C. Terminate the effects of acetylcholine in the synapse D. Speed up the synthesis of acetylcholine E. Reduce the reuptake of choline back into the axon terminalShown are different derivatives of acetylcholine. A H2N H2N D 1. Which one is expected to lose its ability to bind to the receptor but could elicit CNS side effects? Explain. 2. Which is/are expected to resist metabolism by choline esterase? 3. Which one is not expected to bind and yet prone to metabolism? Explain ZISelect All statements that are TRUE regarding the effects of administering a molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a neurotransmitter A. Temporarily compensate for neuron cell death by increased release of the neurotransmitter (ex. L-dopa used as treatment for Parkinson’s disease) B. Increase the rate of synthesis of that neurotransmitter C. Block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal D. Immediately alter then number of postsynaptic receptors E. Act as an indirect antagonist by activating autoreceptors
- Activation of the beta-gamma subunit associated with the Go protein complex would lead to what outcome? 1.closing of presynaptic Ca++ channels 2.postsynaptic depolarization 3.postsynaptic hyperpolarization 4.increased production of cAMPPut the following in the correct order. A. Neurotransmitter release B. Ca²+ entry into the presynaptic terminal C. Axonal action potential D. Fusion of synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane E. Opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels F. Depolarization of the presynaptic terminalMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement if false, correct it to make a true statement. a. An excitatory postsynaptic potential is caused by K+ or Clchannels opening in the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. b. Postsynaptic potentials may summate by spatial summation in which multiple neurons fire onto a single postsynaptic neuron. c. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential causes the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron to approach threshold. d. Spatial summation can combine two EPSPs, two IPSPs, or an EPSP and an IPSP
- In cholinergic neurotransmission, inhibition of the choline transporter will affect the normal synthesis and release acetylcholineTRUE OR FALSEWhich of the following neuronal changes is associated with short term synaptic strength? O a. Changes in the size of neural spines o b. Changes in the shape of neural spines с. Increased production of neurotransmitter vesicles in the presynaptic cell o d. Increased buildup of Ca²+ in the terminal knob of the presynaptic axon О е. Increased expression of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptorsVitamins B1, B6 and B12 are so-called "Neurotropic" vitamins. They may response to "Wallerian degeneration" in nerve system. Briefly describe"Wallerian degeneration" and how the "neurotropic" vitamins react with this process.
- Matching (may not use all choices; may use some choices more than once) 45. Sección Release of inhibitory neurotransmitter 46. Decreased concentration of leaky sodium channels in the membrane Arsenic poisoning prevents mitochondria from making ATP 47. 48. Extreme sodium deficiency 49. Acetylcholinesterase concentration is decreased 50. Overdose of Potassium Chloride 51. Increased concentration of leaky potassium channels in the membrane Salto de columna A. Makes RMP more negative B. Makes RMP less negativeThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: D. Briefly indicate what the role of the acetylcholine receptor is in an action potential.Changes in intracellular Ca2+ is one of the main governing factors that determines the direction of plasticity (i.e., whether a synapse potentiates or depresses). Provide a general mechanism to explain how changes in intracellular Ca2+ can result in either synaptic depression or synaptic potentiation (refer to our discussion on kinases and phosphatases).