Answered: a. Mention the various assumptions made…

a. Mention the various assumptions made in air-standard cycle analysis. b. Prove that the efficiency of Otto cycle is: 1- c. Obtain an expression for mean effective pressure of an Otto cycle.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Concept explainers

IC engines

The term "engine" indicates a mechanical device/machine used to convert input energy to a specific mechanical output. The input energy may be in the form of chemical energy, thermal energy, or so on and mechanical output is in the form of mechanical energy (work done). Generally, the engines classify into two groups which are internal combustion type and external combustion type, and further, these two types can be classified into two types that are reciprocating and rotary engines.

Question

a. Mention the various assumptions made in air-standard cycle analysis.
b. Prove that the efficiency of Otto cycle is: 1-
1
rY-1
c. Obtain an expression for mean effective pressure of an Otto cycle.
d. Draw the p-V and T-s diagram of: 1. Atkinson cycle; 2. Brayton cycle; 3.
Stirling cycle; 4. Ericsson cycle; 5. Lenoir cycle.

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1. In an ideal air-standard Otto cycle, the initial conditions are 1 bar and 300 K. The compression ratio is 12:1, and the maximum cycle temperature is 2500 K. Assuming cp = 1.004 kJ/kg-K & k = 1.4, find: (a) show the cycle in both P-v and T-s diagrams. Clearly label all states and energy transfers. (b) temperature at the end of compression, T₂ in K. (c) heat added during the combustion process in kJ/kg. (d) thermal efficiency of the cycle. (e) net work output from the cycle in kJ/kg.
An Otto cycle operates on 0.1 Ib/s of air 13 psia and 130°F at the beginning of compression. The temperature at the end of combustion is 5000°R; compression ratio: hot-air standard, k =1.3 (a) Find V,, P,, t2, P3, V3, t4, and P4. (b) Compute Qa, Qr, W, e and the corresponding hp.
3- In an air standard Brayton cycle, the pressure ratio is 6. The condition of air at the beginning of compressionis 1 bar, 300 K. Air fuel ratio is 60: 1. The calorific value of fuel is 42 kJ/kg. Determine (a) Maximum temperature; (b)Work ratio; (c) Net work; (d) th Answers: [(a) 1197.41 K, (b) Work ratio = 0.58197, (d) nth = 0.40066]
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The Fifth Question: A six-cylinder, 4-stroke petrol engine develops 62 H.P at 3000 r.p.m. The volumetric efficiency at N.T.P. is 85%. The bore is equal to the stroke and thermal efficiency of 25 % may be assumed. Calorific value of petrol is 44100 kj/kg. Air-fuel ratio is to be 15:1. Calculate the cylinder bore and stroke.
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3. Using the processes in the P-v and T-s Diagram for an Air Standard Dual Cycle, derive the formula of its thermal efficiency as a shown below as function of k, rc, a and B. (n)DUAL = 1 where: Te = compression ratio k = cp/c₂ Pressure, P TDC a = pressure ratio B = cutoff ratio Specific Volume, v (a) (1/re)k-1[{aßk - 1}/{ka(ß − 1) + α - 1}] 511 BDC Temperature, T Entropy, e (b)
3- In an air standard Brayton cycle, the pressure ratio is 6. The condition of air at the beginning of compressionis 1 bar, 300 K. Air fuel ratio is 60: 1. The calorific value of fuel is 42 kJ/kg. Determine (a) Maximum temperature; (b)Work ratio; (c) Net work; (d) nth Answers: [(a) 1197.41 K, (b) Work ratio = 0.58197, (d) nth = 0.40066]
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1. (Otto Cycle) An Otto cycle operates on0.1 Ib/s of air from 13 psia and 130 °F at the beginning of compression. The temperature at the end of combustion is 5000 °R; compression ratio is 5.5; hot air standard, k = 1.3. (a) Find V1, P2, t2, P3, V3, tą and P4 (b) Qa, Qr, w, e, and the corresponding hp.
3. Draw the graph of Otto air standard cycle and prove that the thermal efficiency is equal to:notto = 1-1/r^y-1 for the range of r=8-12, y=1.5. where r is the compression ratio and y is the specific heat ratio.
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